Chapter 34 Intro to Animals Image from:

Animals Invertebrates (animals without a backbone) Porifera Cnidaria Worms Mollusks Echinoderms Arthropods

Animals Vertebrates- Animals with backbones Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

Animal Groups Image from:

Characteristics of ALL Animals: 1.Are ____________________ cells have nucleus & membrane bound organelles 2. Are ____________________ get food from consuming other organisms 3. Are ____________________ made of many cells 4. Show __________________ different kinds of cells do different jobs

Characteristics of ALL Animals: 5. _____________ (at some point in life cycle) for food, find mates, escape danger 6.Contain _____________ which carries the genetic code 7. ____________________ Make offspring Most have sexual reproduction (few asexual)

10 Body Systems : 1. _____________________ OUTSIDE BODY COVERING (fur, skin, scales, feathers) Covers and protects, ID, prevents heat & water loss Orangutan image from: Fish image from: Frog image from: Cardinal image from:

10 Body Systems : 2.________________ Breaks down food to obtain nutrients & gets rid of undigested waste Image from:

NO OPENINGS: Food enters through skin

Only one opening: FOOD IN and WASTE OUT through same opening Images from:

Two openings: FOOD IN at one end (mouth) WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS) Image from:

Two openings: Most efficient If food flows only one direction it allows for organ specialization (Different parts can start to do different jobs) Image from:

10 Body Systems : 3. __________________ Transports nutrients/oxygen to body cells Carries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste away from cells Circulatory fluid can be: inside blood vessels = _________ loose inside body spaces = _______ Image from:

10 Body Systems : 4.___________________ Image from: Exchange gases with the environment take in oxygen get rid of waste gases (CO 2 &/or ammonia)

10 Body Systems : 5. ___________________ Get rid of nitrogen waste made by cells Help with HOMEOSTASIS by maintaining water/ion balance (_________________________)

NITROGEN WASTE : _________________ Most TOXIC Must be removed QUICKLY Needs MOST water to dilute _______________ Made from ammonia by liver Less toxic than ammonia Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs less water to dilute than ammonia) _________________ LEAST TOXIC Can be stored if diluted with water (Needs LEAST amount of water to dilute)

NITROGEN WASTE

10 Body Systems : 6. ___________________ Framework to support body/protection Skeleton on inside = _______________ Skeleton on outside = _______________ Walking skeleton image from: Insect lefg image from:

10 Body Systems : 7. _______________ Locomotion- move body itself OR move substances through body (EX: food through digestive system; blood through vessels) Image from:

10 Body Systems : 8. _____________________ - Produce offspring by combining genetic material from 2 parents = __________________________ Family image from: Planaria animation: Produce offspring using genetic material from only 1 parent =_____________________________

10 Body Systems : ______________ DEVELOPMENT immature LARVA looks different than adult __________ DEVELOPMENT young are smaller versions on adults Metamorphosis image from: Frog image from: Image from:

Sperm and egg join outside female’s body = ___________________ Sperm and egg join inside female’s body = ____________________ Animation from:

9. ___________________ Receive sensory info about environment & send response signals

10. __________________ Make hormones that regulate other body systems (only in higher animals) Image from:

ALL WASTE is NOT THE SAME! DIGESTIVE WASTE NITROGEN WASTE WHERE ITS MADE? Body system used? In what form? made by cells from break down of proteins Handled by excretory system ammonia, urea, or uric acid Feces (poop) left over from undigested food Handled by digestive system

Kinds of Symmetry No symmetry Radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry

___________________ No symmetry Doesn’t matter how you cut it; you never get 2 identical halves. Image from:

_______ Symmetry Get 2 identical halves in several directions. Jelly fish image: Image from:

___________ Symmetry If divide animal down the middle you get 2 mirror images BUT only divides equally in ONE direction Image from:

3. EMBRYOLOGY Image from: 1.Where does BLASTOPORE end up? 2.What do embryos look like as they divide? 3.When do cells decide what they will be?

Image from: EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT Becomes digestive system

1.Where does BLASTOPORE end up? Images modified from:

What do embryos look like as they divide? Images from: SPIRALRADIAL CLEAVAGE CLEAVAGE

When do cells decide what they will become? Image from:

Images modified from: Cells decide earlyCells decide later Removing cell causes death Removing cell OK

THAT’S WHERE TWINS COME FROM!

ANIMALS Blastopore becomes MOUTH Blastopore becomes ANUS Decide very early (DETERMINATE) Decide later (INDETERMINATE) ALL INVERTEBRATES except ECHINODERMS ALL VERTEBRATES (Fish, amphibians, birds, reptiles, mammals) plus ECHINODERMS SPIRAL cleavage RADIAL cleavage PROTOSTOMES DEUTEROSTOMES

EMBRYOLOGY __________________ are the “exception to the rule”! They are INVERTEBRATES but their embryos act like _________________________ Image from:

Image from: EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT Becomes digestive system

All animals except sponges, jellyfish, anemones have 3 germ layers in their embryos Endoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm Muscle, excretory, bones, circulatory Digestive system, respiratory Outer skin, brain, nervous system

Types of Coeloms (See- Lums) No cavity (space) around organs Image from: ACOELOM = “without space”

FLATWORMS are ACOELOMATES!

Types of Coeloms (See- Lums) Space around organs but only lined with mesoderm on one side (lines body wall BUT NOT around gut) Image from: PSEUDOCOELOM

ROUND WORMS are PSEUDOCOELOMATES!

Kinds of Coeloms (See- Lums) EUCOELOM: Body cavity (space) lined on BOTH sides by mesoderm Image from: EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM

EUCOELOMATES ALL VERTEBRATES & SOME INVERTEBRATES ALL ANIMALS you will dissect this year are EUCOELOMATES!

3 Types of Coeloms ectoderm mesoderm endoderm Image from: ACOELOM PSEUDOCOELOM EUCOELOM

Advantages of having a COELOM (body space): In animals without a skeleton- Fluid in coelom space can act as a HYDROSTATIC skeleton In animals without blood vessels- Fluid in coelom space can circulate nutrients and oxygen to cells Provides space for internal organs

WHY is a EUCOELOM the best? Digestive organ muscles and body wall muscles come from MESODERM in different places so organism can digest food and move at same time. Images from:

Which way is up? ANTERIOR head end POSTERIOR tail end DORSAL (top) VENTRAL (underneath) Image from:

________________ Concentration of nervous tissue and sensory organs in anterior end of an organism (head area)

SOURCES Crab from: Ant from: Clam from: Anemone from: Snail from:

Starfish from: Millipede from: Jellyfish from:

Turtle: Tree frog: Bird: Orangutan: Fish from:

Earthworm : /Exxon/Food%20Chain%20images/ExxonPicsLarge/Earthworms.jpg Crab from: Snail from: Starfish from:

All images on this page from: