How could these relate to muscles? Get Homework Sheet out to Help you with ideas

The Muscular System To confidently name and label the main muscles groups. To understand how muscles work in pairs and how they create movement To identify which muscles create movements at different joints

Task 1 Stickers 6 Teams paired against another team. Each team races against the other team to label the muscles correctly. 1 Person should model. Write up labels and stick in the correct place You will be timed: each team will receive a 10 second penalty for each muscle incorrectly labelled or missed. 5 second penalty per ‘cheat’ (3 second look at muscle sheet). Timer stopped when all team members sat down with no rubbish in their working area.

Deltoids Trapezius Pectorals Biceps Triceps Abdominals Gluteals How did you do? Deltoids Trapezius Pectorals Biceps Triceps Latissimus Dorsi Abdominals Gluteals Hamstrings Quadriceps Gastrocnemius Front View Back View

Ways to remember muscles Miss Green’s….little ways…. Spelling is important! Try syllables Bi-cep Gastro-c-nemius Quad-ri-cep Glu-teals And/Or look, cover, try, check

How could these relate to muscles? Get Homework Sheet out to Help you with ideas

How Muscles Work They like to work TOGETHER!!!! A bit like an old married couple, one works whilst the other relaxes!

(muscles work Antagonistically) Movement of the arm at the elbow Antagonistic Muscles (muscles work Antagonistically) Ant-agon-istic-ally Skeletal muscles work across a joint and are attached to the bones by tendons. They work in pairs, each contracting or relaxing in turn to create movement. Movement of the arm at the elbow

Flexion (Bending) of the Arm (Triceps relax) (Biceps contract)

Extension (Straightening) of the Arm Triceps: contracting muscle Biceps: relaxing muscle

What muscle creates each movement? Tip: If a muscle is contracting or shortening it is usually pulling a bone/limb towards it.

Movement of muscles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fy7zMVkTfU

What grade are you on and what do you need to work on? Grade C Can Name & Label all muscles Can spell most muscles correctly Can explain what is meant by ‘muscles working antagonistically’ Grade B (as above +) 4. Can identify what movement each muscle creates e.g. bicep flexes elbow Grade A (as above +) 5. Can link movements to sporting examples e.g. the Quadriceps contract which extends the leg to kick a ball in rugby. Grade A*(as above +) 6. Can identify the Antagonist (relaxing muscle) and/or Origin and Insertion of the main muscle groups.

Exercising the muscular system Isotonic and Isometric Immediate effects of exercise Long term effects of exercise

Apply it…..practice exam 1. Which one of the following muscles is contracting to allow the footballer in the image to extend his leg at the hip? A. Gluteal Muscles B. Hamstrings Abdominals Quadriceps

2. Which of the following muscles is contracting to allow the leg to flex at the knee? A. Gluteal Muscles B. Hamstrings C. Gastrocnemius D. Quadriceps

3. Which of the following muscles is contracting to allow the tennis player in the image to adduct his arm at the shoulder? A. Triceps B. Latissimus Dorsi C. Abdominals D. Pectorals

4. Which of the following muscles is responsible for abducting the arm at the shoulder? A. Triceps B. Latissimus Dorsi C. Deltoid D. Pectorals

5. Which muscles are contracting to allow this dancer to point his toes by extending the ankle? A. Gluteal Muscles B. Hamstrings C. Gastrocnemius D. Quadriceps

6. Which of the following muscles is contracting to abduct the arms backwards at the shoulder? A. Triceps B. Latissimus Dorsi C. Abdominals D. Pectorals

Recap! When muscles contract they create movement (usually pulling something towards them) Antagonistically muscles work in pairs (when one relaxes the other contracts) Agonist – Contracting Muscle Antagonist – Relaxing Muscle

Exam Tip: Questions on Antagonistic muscles usually either ask: In relation to Bicep and Triceps or Hamstrings and Quadriceps Which is Agonist and which is Antagonist during certain movements

Identify Agonist and antagonists

Isotonic and Isometric Isotonic – when muscles contract and relax to create movement Isometric – when the muscle contracts but stays in a fixed position

Sporting examples Isotonic: anything with movement!!! Tons – of movement Or isotonic drink

Sporting examples Isometric – muscle contracts but stays in a fixed position. M – minimal movement

Immediate Effects of Exercise Increase demand of oxygen Increase demand of fuel (glycogen) Lactic Acid Cramp

Long term effects of exercise Hypertrophy – increased muscle size Caused by minor tears in the muscle and the body rebuilds within 48 hours

Recap! Isometric Isotonic

(d) Which one of the above statements refers to an isometric contraction?

Recap: Short term effects of exercise Long term effects of exercise

Potential Injuries to the muscular system Muscle Atrophy (decrease in muscle)

Soft Tissue Damage Strain – little tears in the muscle fibres and blood vessels. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZlXWp6vFdE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YcvuxN-T28

Examiners tip You Strain a muscle and Sprain a ligament! Relate it to sport! Why is it so common for Footballers to strain (pull) their Hamstring?

Injury Prevention! Warm up Raise heart rate and warming up the muscles with gentle and progressively more energetic exercise Stretches Lets test it!

Cool Down Brings the heart rate back to normal Removes lactic acid from muscles so they don’t become stiff and sore Includes gentle exercise and stretches (20-30 seconds)

Injury treatment R – REST I – ICE C – COMPRESSION E – ELEVEATION The first 24-48 hours crucial and player should continue to rest during this period.