1. Muscles Movement and Growth

2. Lesson Objectives To be able to; 1.Recall previous learning on muscles. 2.Explain what is meant by the following terms; Agonist Antagonist Muscular Hypertrophy Muscular Atrophy Origin Insertion 3.Explain how each one relates to muscles and how they work.

3. Recap on Muscles The next few slides are a quick recap on what we have covered so far on muscles. How much can you remember?

4. Types of Muscles What are the 3 types of muscles in the body? 1.Voluntary (Skeletal) 2.Involuntary 3.Cardiac

5. Voluntary (skeletal) Muscles What do voluntary muscles do? 1.They are attached to bones and cause skeletal movement. 2.They are responsible for all bodily movements. 3.We have a conscious control over muscle activation.

6. Voluntary Muscles Can you explain where these muscles are on your body? Pectoralis Major Deltoids Biceps Quadriceps Latissimus Dorsi Gluteals Hamstrings

8. Involuntary Muscles What do we mean by involuntary muscles? Involuntary muscles work without us thinking about it – there is NO conscious control. Examples include – large and small intestines.

9. Cardiac Muscle What do we mean by cardiac muscle? This is a form of involuntary muscle as there is NO conscious control. Even when we are asleep, it is capable of constant, rhythmical contractions. It is found in the walls of the heart.

10. Task Choose 3 Voluntary Muscles. For each one; Name the muscle and its location. What movement it causes. Which joint it moves. Which type of joint it is. There is an example on the next slide to help you – you have 5 minutes.

11. Task - Example Name of muscle Location on the body Movement it causes Which joint it moves Type of Joint BicepsFront Upper Arm Flexion at the elbow ElbowHinge

12. Agonist/Antagonist The muscle contracting (shortening) is called the AGONIST or prime mover. In this case (pictured), it is the biceps. At the same time, the muscle relaxing (lengthening) is called the ANTAGONIST. In this case, the triceps.

13. Origin and Insertion When a muscle contracts, only one bone moves leaving the other stationary. The points at which the tendons are attached to the bone (at each end) are known as the origin and insertion.

14. Origin and Insertion The origin is where the tendon of the muscle joins the stationary bone(s). The insertion is where the tendon of the muscle joins the moving bone(s). In simple terms, the origin is the end of the muscle closest to the body midline. Origin Insertion

15. Muscular Atrophy If muscles become inactive for a long time they can begin to reduce in size. This could be due to inactivity or injury. An example of this is after a broken bone. When the pot is removed, the inactive arm or leg is much smaller than the other one as the muscles haven’t been used.

16. Muscular Hypertrophy Regular weight training with heavy workloads can generate new muscle fibres. More and more new fibres will lead to an increase in muscle size.

17. Task Using all the knowledge you have on the topics that we have covered so far this year, explain what is happening in the picture on the next slide. Try to include all the points that are in the box on the left somewhere in your answer.

18. Task Bones Muscles Types of muscle contraction Type of movements Joints (name and location) Agonist/Antagonist

19. Plenary In the back of your book, write two 1-mark exam style questions on what you have learnt today. Try to use a bit of imagination, rather than just “What is an agonist?” maybe something along the lines of “During the upward phase of a bicep curl, which muscle is the antagonist?” Then swap with your partner and let them try answer your questions. Mark out of 2.