1. The Muscular System To develop understanding of the muscular system To understand the role muscles have in movement in the body

2. Starter activity Choose a model Work as a team to identify the muscles on the list provided Label your model using the stickers Extension: In your groups, identify exercises that would benefit each muscle labelled

3. Muscle types There are three types of muscle: Voluntary Involuntary Cardiac

4. Quick quiz

5. Muscles and Movement Muscles work in pairs E.g. bicep curl Which muscles work to create this movement? This is called an antagonistic pair of muscles

6. Antagonistic Muscle Pairs These pairs are always two muscles that work together to create movement at joints This is because muscles can only pull. One muscle (agonist) contracts whilst the other muscle (antagonist) relaxes to cause movement

7. Upper arm muscles The biceps and triceps work together as an antagonistic pair to move the elbow joint. To flex the elbow, the biceps (the agonist) contracts and the triceps (the antagonist) relaxes. To extend the elbow, the actions are reversed so that the triceps contracts and the biceps relaxes.

8. Voluntary muscles (front)

10. Voluntary muscles (rear)

11. Activity! For each of the sporting movements, work out which antagonistic muscle pair creates movement and the type of movement they create. E.g. Bicep curl – the bicep muscle (agonist) contracts and shortens and the tricep muscle (antagonist) relaxes and lengthens to cause flexion at the elbow

12. Activity! Sporting movements: Star jump (arm movement) Kicking a football Sit up Choose your own sporting movement Extension: Name the type of joint in the action and the bones that make up that joint

13. Answers! Star Jump (arm movement only): Agonist – Deltoid contracts and shortens Antagonist – Lattisimus Dorsi relaxes and lengthens Causes abduction at the shoulder Extension: Ball & socket joint Humerus, clavicle (collarbone), scapula (shoulder blade)

14. Answers! Kicking a football: Agonist – Quadricep contracts and shortens Antagonist – Hamstring relaxes and lengthens Causes extension at the knee Extension: Hinge joint Femur, tibia (shin bone)

15. Answers! Sit up: Agonist – Abdominals contract and shorten Antagonist – Erector Spinae relaxes and lengthens Causes flexion at the waist/upper hip

16. Exam-style questions 1.This picture shows part of the muscular system. a)Name muscles a–e (5) a b c d e Janine exercises her deltoids by lifting heavy weights. She raises her arms out to the sides until her hands are level with her shoulders. b)What type of movement is occurring at the shoulder? (1) 2.Explain what is meant by an antagonistic pair and give one example (5)

17. In the Hot Seat... One person will be randomly chosen to sit in the hot seat They will answer 10 questions After each answer, write a tick if you agree with it or a cross (x) if you don’t!

18. Effects of Exercise on the Muscular System To develop your understanding of long- term and short-term effects of exercise on the muscular system

20. Activity In your pairs, draw two columns, like below List as many effects of exercise on the Muscular System as possible Short Term Effects of Exercise Long Term Effects of Exercise

21. Increased energy demands Lactic acid build up Muscle fatigue These are all body responses Short Term Effects of Exercise on the Muscular System

22. Also an immediate effect of exercise Two types: Isometric Muscle Contractions Isotonic Muscle Contractions Muscle Contractions

23. No muscle movement Muscle neither contracts or relaxes This type of muscle contraction is used for static strength Think of examples of when this could be used Rugby scrum Handstand in gymnastics Isometric Muscle Contractions

24. Muscles work in pairs to contract and relax to cause movement Used for explosive and dynamic actions This muscle contraction is normally used to produce speed and power Think of examples when this muscle contraction is used Tennis serve Jumping for the ball in football Isotonic Muscle Contractions

25.  There are four stations around the room  Working in your fours, move to the station closest to you  Try out the activity  When you get there, find the following and write in your books:  The name of the activity  Is it an Isometric/Isotonic muscle contraction?  Why?  Which muscles are used?  You have three minutes at each station! Activity!

26. Isometric muscle contraction There is no movement in any muscle – they all stay the same length Main muscles involved: quadriceps, hamstrings Station 1: Wall Stand

27. Isotonic muscle contraction The muscles are working in antagonistic pairs to contract and relax the muscles to cause movement Main muscles involved: quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteals, gastrocnemius Station 2: Burpee

28. Isotonic muscle contraction The muscles are working in antagonistic pairs to contract and relax the muscles to cause movement Main muscles involved: gluteals, deltoid, lattisimus dorsi, pectorals Station 3: Star Jump

29. Isometric muscle contraction There is no movement in any muscle – they all stay the same length Main muscles involved: biceps, triceps, quadriceps, hamstrings Station 4: Tug of War

30. Increased muscular strength Muscle hypertrophy Muscle hypertrophy is the increase in the size of the muscle These are body adaptations Long Term Effects of Exercise on the Muscular System

31. What is the other effect of exercise on the muscular system? It is a negative effect of exercise

32. Muscle strain Where the muscle fibre tears Overstretching Injury

33. Can’t participate in sport whilst injured Leads to muscle wastage This is called muscle atrophy Effects of Injuries on the Muscular System

34. R I C E Treatment of Muscle Injuries

35. Voluntary muscles