Geopolitics Political Spectrum

Internationalist Christian Lange

Perceptions & Politics How do we interpret and organize information? How do we interpret and organize information? Why do we think the way we do? Why do we think the way we do? Nature vs. Nurture Nature vs. Nurture Propaganda Propaganda Media and Marketing Media and Marketing

Ideologies An ideology is a set of values or beliefs about how people and components of a society should relate to one another and how power should be exercised. An ideology is a set of values or beliefs about how people and components of a society should relate to one another and how power should be exercised.

Political Spectrum Left Wing Moderate Left Center Moderate Right Right Wing

Factors Affecting Political Evolution Demographics (Pop. growth, Rural-Urban) Resources (Scarcity) Globalization (Military conflict, ideologies) Oppression (Inc. economic disparity) Technology (Policies, MNCs, TNCs) COLONIALISM (Next Slide) COLONIALISM (Next Slide) IMPERIALISM (Next Slide) IMPERIALISM (Next Slide)

Colonialism exploited people and resources in undeveloped regions The process whereby colonial powers exploited people and resources in undeveloped regions in Africa, Asia and Central and South America, which made these colonial power(s) wealthy. Ex: French, Belgians, Portuguese and British in Africa in the 1800s and 1900s.

Colonial Africa (1900)

The Legacy of European Colonialism paid little attention to cultural and ethnic boundaries Think of countries such as Canada, which has been trying for hundreds of years with mixed success to accommodate only two linguistic groups — English and French — and you get an idea of the problems of African states “We must remember that the European agreements that had carved up Africa into states paid little attention to cultural and ethnic boundaries and ethnic groups had little opportunity or need to form political alliances or accommodations under repressive colonial rule.… Think of countries such as Canada, which has been trying for hundreds of years with mixed success to accommodate only two linguistic groups — English and French — and you get an idea of the problems of African states with far greater cultural and linguistic divisions” — Richard H. Robbins, Global Problems and the Culture of Capitalism, (Allyn and Bacon, 2002), pg. 302‏

Unequal International Trade; Comparative Disadvantage -Colonialism had thus transformed an entire continent. -Vast plantations and cash crop-based, or other extractive economies were set up throughout. -Even as colonial administrators parted, they left behind supportive elites that, in effect, continued the siphoning of Africa’s wealth.

Imperialism in the Modern World (1900)

Imperialism rule and control One country extending its rule and control over other another country. Ex. The British Empire (Commonwealth) Ex. The British Empire (Commonwealth)

~22 Countries Britain Has Not Invaded

jingoism Extreme nationalism = jingoism (nationalism expressed aggressively towards others) homogenization globalization brings Used to counter the homogenization globalization brings Idealistic weapon against immigration Idealistic and used as a weapon against immigration Nationalism

centrifugal (pulling apart) fragmented Areas with numerous centrifugal (pulling apart) forces resulting in various cultural and political units that result in an especially fragmented map… ‘Shatterbelts’

Believing in the superiority of one's own culture: lifestyle, values and behaviours… Believing in the superiority of one's own culture: lifestyle, values and behaviours… Example: Nazi Germany Example: Nazi Germany Ethnocentrism ( Form of Nationalism )

A hatred or fear of foreigners or foreign things... A hatred or fear of foreigners or foreign things... Example: South Africa Example: South Africa Xenophobia

The forced removal of other ethnic groups from a particular area... The forced removal of other ethnic groups from a particular area... Examples: Darfur, Sudan, former Yugoslavia (‘identicide’) Examples: Darfur, Sudan, former Yugoslavia (‘identicide’) Ethnic Cleansing ( Genocide )

Internally Displaced Person Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) often flee their region of origin, but unlike refugees, staying within country borders… Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) often flee their region of origin, but unlike refugees, staying within country borders…