The European Union And Why It Matters To Indiana bsisseni@indiana.edu The European Union And Why It Matters To Indiana Teachers’ Training Workshop, 5/11/2007 Presentation by Prof. Beate Sissenich Indiana University Bloomington

Part 1: General Introduction to the EU bsisseni@indiana.edu Part 1: General Introduction to the EU Please refer to The European Union: A Guide for Americans and How the European Union Works

Please reflect in writing on the following question: bsisseni@indiana.edu Please reflect in writing on the following question: How does the European Union affect Indiana?

bsisseni@indiana.edu What is the EU? See map and table on p. 4 in The European Union: A Guide for Americans The world’s most deeply integrated system of regional inter-state cooperation 27 European member states Ca. 490 million people (US: 300 million) Independent countries pooling their sovereignty in shared institutions to create common policies See map and table on p. 4 in The European Union: A Guide for Americans

What the EU is NOT: A “superstate” A “United States of Europe” bsisseni@indiana.edu What the EU is NOT: A “superstate” A “United States of Europe” A welfare state A federation An international organization such as the United Nations  the EU is unique in structure and composition

Goals and Purposes Peace and stability Democracy Economic growth bsisseni@indiana.edu Goals and Purposes Peace and stability Democracy Economic growth Social solidarity “Unity in diversity”

History 1951: European Coal and Steel Community (F, D, I, BeNeLux) bsisseni@indiana.edu History 1951: European Coal and Steel Community (F, D, I, BeNeLux) 1957: Treaties of Rome: European Economic Community (EEC), European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) 1986: Single European Act to facilitate Single Market 1992: Treaty on European Union (Maastricht Treaty) 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam 2001 Treaty of Nice See p. 3 and 34 in The European Union: A Guide for Americans

Governance: The 3 Pillars of the EU bsisseni@indiana.edu Governance: The 3 Pillars of the EU

Gradual Enlargement: from 6 to 27 members bsisseni@indiana.edu Gradual Enlargement: from 6 to 27 members 1957: BeNeLux, D, F, I 1973: Denmark, UK and Ireland 1981: Greece 1986: Spain and Portugal 1995: Sweden, Finland, Austria 2004: “jumbo” enlargement: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia 2007: Bulgaria, Romania Candidates: Croatia, Turkey, FYR Macedonia

bsisseni@indiana.edu How is the EU run? See ch. 2 in The European Union: A Guide for Americans Unique system of governance—some key institutions: European Commission Council of the European Union and European Council European Parliament European Court of Justice and Court of Auditors Interest representation: Economic and Social Committee and Committee of the Regions See ch. 2 in The European Union: A Guide for Americans

bsisseni@indiana.edu European Commission p. 6 in The European Union: A Guide for Americans; pp. 20-24 in How the EU Works Represents European perspective 27 Commissioners, appointed for 5-year terms Executive branch w/seat in Brussels (also Luxembourg) Sole initiator of legislation Implements EU policies and budget Enforces EU law Represents the EU internationally p. 6 in The European Union: A Guide for Americans; pp. 20-24 in How the EU Works

bsisseni@indiana.edu Council of the EU p. 6-7 in The European Union: A Guide for Americans; pp. 14-19 in How the EU Works Main decision-making body Voice of the member states Made up of one member from each member state government Meets in 9 issue-specific configurations: general affairs and external relations, economics & finance, agriculture, etc. Rotating presidency (6 months) Responsibilities: adopting laws; coordinating economic policies; concluding international agreements; approving the budget (w/ Parliament); developing Common Foreign and Security Policy; coordinating cooperation in police and judicial affairs p. 6-7 in The European Union: A Guide for Americans; pp. 14-19 in How the EU Works

Voting in the Council p. 19 in How the EU Works bsisseni@indiana.edu Voting in the Council p. 19 in How the EU Works By unanimity in Common Foreign and Security Policy, taxation, and asylum and immigration By qualified majority in most policy areas: majority of member states and minimum of 72.3 % of votes Weighted voting: larger countries have more votes, but smaller countries are disproportionately represented

bsisseni@indiana.edu European Parliament p. 7 in The European Union: A Guide for Americans pp. 10-13 in How the EU Works Directly elected since 1979 785 members from 27 member states, elected for 5-year terms Organized in 8 political groups, each of which is based on national parties Seats in Strasbourg and Brussels Passes legislation (together with the Council) Democratic supervision of other EU institutions Approves/rejects the budget

bsisseni@indiana.edu What does the EU do? See pp. 24-33 in The European Union: A Guide for Americans Single market: freedom of movement for goods, services, capital and people Common currency (13 out of 27 member states currently use the euro) Common foreign and security policy Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters

bsisseni@indiana.edu Activity: Please consult Key Facts and Figures about Europe and the Europeans to answer the following questions: How wealthy are Europeans? How much does the EU spend on research? How much does the EU produce? How much do EU countries trade inside the EU? How much do they trade with other countries?

Spending and Government in the EU bsisseni@indiana.edu Spending and Government in the EU EU budget is capped at 1.27 % of EU GNP 2003: 1.02% of EU GDP ↔ US: 36.7 % of GDP ↔ D: 48.3 % of GDP ↔ SW: 57.3 % of GDP ↔ EI: 33.5 % of GDP EU administration is smaller than national administrations: EU permanent staff = 30,000, of which 73 % are Commission staff ↔ US federal civilian employment = 2.73 million

Trade Source: http://www.eurunion.org/profile/EUUSStats.pdf bsisseni@indiana.edu Trade Source: http://www.eurunion.org/profile/EUUSStats.pdf

bsisseni@indiana.edu

Foreign Direct Investment bsisseni@indiana.edu Foreign Direct Investment Source: http://www.eurunion.org/profile/EUUSStats.pdf

bsisseni@indiana.edu EU-Indiana Trade Indiana’s goods exports to EU25 were USD 3.96 billion representing 24.1% of total exports in 2003. http://www.eurunion.org/partner/usstates/Indiana%20-%20IN%202003.ppt

bsisseni@indiana.edu Foreign Investment in Indiana EU15 Investment in Indiana supported an estimated 84,200 jobs in 2002. EU15 was #1 foreign investor in Indiana in 2002. EU15 Investment amounted to an estimated USD 18,454 millions or 65.6% of total foreign direct Investment in Indiana in 2002. http://www.eurunion.org/partner/usstates/Indiana%20-%20IN%202003.ppt

Please revisit your earlier notes on the question: bsisseni@indiana.edu Please revisit your earlier notes on the question: How does the European Union affect Indiana? How has your assessment changed? What would you add to your earlier observations?