Biotechnology The use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products or processes.

Recombinant DNA (Genetic Engineering) DNA that is created from joining together the DNA of two different organisms using enzymes. Makes it possible to change the genetic composition of organisms. Organisms that have DNA from another organism are called transgenic organisms.

Transgenic Organisms Food Fun Research

Genetically Modified/Transgenic Foods Foods that have had their DNA altered by genetic engineering, through recombinant DNA technologies. It is unknown if they lead to long term health problems in individuals who eat them.

Insulin _______ from human. DNA _________ from bacteria. _____________ ________ inserted back into bacteria. Bacteria will reproduce __________ creating a lot of insulin which can be removed and used as medicine.

Gene Therapy Changing/replacing a gene within an individual to treat a disorder caused by a problem with the original gene. Vector- the “vehicle” used to introduce a new piece of DNA into a genome for gene therapy or the creation of transgenic organisms. (Ex: plasmids, genetically engineered viruses) Some immune system deficiencies have been treated this way (with side effects) Possible treatment of hereditary blindness- not yet fully successful

Stem Cells Unspecialized (somatic) cells from which differentiated cells develop. Embryonic stem cells in the early embryo will ultimately develop into all of the cell types in the body. Adult stem cells are also present in our organs and are used (differentiate) when we need new cells.

Cloning The growing of an entirely new individual using the genetic material of an adult organism. Easily done with unicellular organisms, more difficult in multicellular organisms. Cows, pigs mice, and even cats have been cloned.

Gel Electrophoresis A lab technique that separates pieces of DNA by size using an electrical current. Scientists use this to locate and isolate a certain stretch of DNA

DNA Fingerprinting Uses gel electrophoresis to showcase differences in individuals DNA. Can be used to identify an individual. If you have someone's DNA fingerprint on file, you can test a DNA sample and compare the results to the known finger print. Used to solve crimes.

Which person’s DNA was in the bloodstain? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Which two people are twins? 1 2 3 4 5

Selective Breeding Allowing only organisms with wanted characteristics to reproduce This is how dog breeds are created and maintained. Corn was created by selective breeding

Textbook Practice Pg. 302 # 27 Pg. 442-443 # 3, 8, 11, 12, 18