Bonus #2 due now (Bonus #3 is posted) Today: plant biotech and an intro to animals

Human resource production and use Worldwide Grain Production and Consumption

We can now directly insert new genes into or modify existing genes of plants CB 20.2

Why Change a Plant’s DNA? Can change plant so that it has new or different characteristics –Produce needed protein –Insect resistance (Bt toxin) –Herbicide resistance (Round-up) –Drought or other stress resistance –Chemical remediation

Millions of Hectares Texas = 70 ha Is genetically engineering plants a good idea? Worldwide area planted with genetically modified crops

Is changing a plant’s DNA a good or bad idea? Genes flow within species and between species. Are GM foods safe for the environment? Are GM foods profitable for: –Consumers, Farmers, and Companies?

Pollution in Gulf of Mexico from run-off in the Mississippi river picayune/2007/06/despite_promises_to_fix_i t_the.htmlhttp://blog.nola.com/times- picayune/2007/06/despite_promises_to_fix_i t_the.html(Staff graphic by Dan Swenson) ‘07

Pollen is easily transferred from plant to plant, and to related species.

GM crops illegal GM crops found in Oaxaca and other MX states Genetic information moves.

GM crops illegal GM crops found in Oaxaca and other MX states Genetic information moves, and is self-replicating.

Is changing a plant’s DNA a good or bad idea? Genes flow within species and between species. Are GM foods safe for the environment? Are GM foods profitable for: –Consumers, Farmers, and Companies?

Herbicide Tolerance; Insect Resistance; Viral Resistance Types of Genetically Modified Crops

Monsanto stock price: 3/24/08 at 12: 30 pm= $106

Grain farmer claims moral victory in seed battle Ten years after he took on the multinational Monsanto, Saskatchewan man gets $660 and the right to talk about it

The Schmeisers' saga began more than 10 years ago, when Monsanto sued them after plants grown from genetically modified canola seeds were found on the couple's farm near Bruno, Sask., about 90 kilometres east of Saskatoon. The company said the Schmeisers violated its patent on the seeds, which had been genetically modified to resist Monsanto-brand herbicide, and that the couple knowingly planted them without paying the technology fees. Monsanto's claim sought damages totalling $400,000.

But the Schmeisers denied using the Monsanto seeds, arguing that the seeds blew onto their property from a nearby road or neighbouring farms. In 2004, the Supreme Court ruled 5-4 in favour of Monsanto, stating that plant genes and modified cells can be patented. Although the Schmeisers lost the case, the court ruled they did not have to pay damages.

Grain farmer claims moral victory in seed battle Ten years after he took on the multinational Monsanto, Saskatchewan man gets $660 and the right to talk about it The following year, more of the genetically modified canola appeared on the Schmeisers' farm. They pulled it out themselves and sent Monsanto a bill for $660.

Many Questions, but Few Answers? Genes flow within species and between species. Are GM foods safe for the environment? Are GM foods profitable for: –Consumers, Farmers, and Companies?

CB Life as we know it… the animals

One important consideration of structure and function…surface area Nalca leaves

CB 40.3 One important consideration of structure and function…surface area

CB 40.4 Why is surface area so critical? Animals (and plants) must exchange various components with the environment

Organisms are organized: atoms molecules organelles cells tissues organs systems organisms

Four major tissue types in animals: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

CB 40.5 Epithelieal tissue: Covers and lines body and/or parts. Tightly packed cells.

CB 40.5 Connective tissue: Holds and supports. Few cells with an extensive extracellular matrix.

CB 40.5 Muscle tissue: Movement. Long muscle fibers cells. Nerve tissue: Signaling. Generally long cells, neurons.

CB 40.6 Different tissues that comprise the stomach, an organ.

CB Homeostasis: Maintaining a steady-state internal condition

Bonus #2 due now (Bonus #3 is posted) Today: plant biotech and an intro to animals