2. Genetic Modification (Genetic Engineering) This process describes the removal of genes from one organism/species and insertion into another organism. http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/makin g_insulin.htm

3. Genetic Modification (Genetic engineering) Main stages 1.Isolation of the required gene (e.g. insulin gene). This is cut out of the DNA using enzymes 2. Inserting the gene into a plasmids. 3. Transferring the gene to bacteria and/or other organisms.

4. Cut and stick sheet and questions

5. Genetic Modification of crop plants Crop plants can be genetically modified in a number of ways, including resistance to disease, insect attack or herbicides. E.g. These GM plants have specific genes inserted into them so that they can destroy fungi, etc.

6. Modified tomato http://ology.amnh.org/genetics/index.html genetic modification http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/flash/g mgame.swfhttp://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/flash/g mgame.swf

7. Advantages and concerns of GM crop plants AdvantagesConcerns Increased Yield Less wastage Increased profit Plants can be grown in poor conditions Plants grown containing genes that improve health Unknown long term effects on health Transfer of genes into wild populations of flowers Destruction of natural food chains/species.

8. GM MAIZE 1.Why are herbicides widely used by farmers in Europe and the USA? 2.Why do farmers in African countries make less use of herbicides? 3.Draw up a table to show possible benefits of herbicide-tolerant maize to, (a) farmers, (b) the environment, (c) consumers. 4.What are the concerns with GM crops such as herbicide-tolerant maize?