© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Instructor name Class Title, Term/Semester, Year Institution Introductory Psychology Concepts Assessing Intelligence II

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2 Intelligence Tests Alfred Binet + Developed the first intelligence test to assess the mental skills of French school children. Lewis Terman + Imported Binet’s intelligence test to the United States (1916) and revised it as the Stanford-Binet Scale. + The Stanford-Binet became the standard for future individually administered intelligence tests and is still used today. David Wechsler + Developed a major competitor to the Stanford-Binet (1936). + Today, the Wechsler tests (WAIS-III and WISC-IV) are the most popular individually tests in the United States (Newmark, 2005). Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence II

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 3 Age 3 years Child should be able to: Point to objects that serve various functions such as “shoes” and says, “goes on your feet”. 4 years Discriminate visual forms such as squares, circles, and triangles. Define words such as ball and bat. Repeat 10-word sentences. Count up to 4 objects. Solve problems such as, “In daytime it is light, at night it is...” Intelligence Tests Stanford-Binet: Sample Problems That Should Be Answered Correctly at Particular Ages Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence II

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 4 Age 6 years Child should be able to: State the differences between similar items such as bird and dog. Count up to 9 blocks. Solve analogies such as “An inch is short; a mile is...” Intelligence Tests Stanford-Binet: Sample Problems That Should Be Answered Correctly at Particular Ages Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence II

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 5 Age 9 years Child should be able to: Solve verbal problems such as “Tell me a number that rhymes with tree.” Solve simple arithmetic problems such as “If I buy 4 cents’ worth of candy and give the storekeeper 10 cents, how much money will I get back?” Repeat 4 digits in reverse order Intelligence Tests Stanford-Binet: Sample Problems That Should Be Answered Correctly at Particular Ages Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence II

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 6 Age 12 years Child should be able to: Define words such as muzzle. Repeat 5 digits in reverse order. Solve verbal absurdities such as “Bill’s feet are so big he has to pull his trousers over his head. What is foolish about that?” Intelligence Tests Stanford-Binet: Sample Problems That Should Be Answered Correctly at Particular Ages Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence II

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 7 Intelligence Tests Psychologist David Wechsler believed that the Stanford- Binet relied too much on verbal skills.  Wechsler thought that intelligence should be measured as a group of distinct but related verbal and nonverbal abilities.  He developed intelligence tests for adults and children that measured both nonverbal and verbal intellectual skills: The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS, 1939) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC, 1955) Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI, 1967) Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence II

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 8 Reliability Consistency of measurement. Validity How well a test actually measures what it is designed to measure. Standardization a. The development of norms. b. Rigorously controlled testing procedures. Intelligence Test Construction: Psychometric Standards for Intelligence Tests. Three key measurement concepts apply to all psychological tests and intelligence measures: Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence II

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 9 Test-retest reliability Are scores on the measure stable over time? Internal consistency Do all of the items on the measure seem to be measuring the same thing, as indicated by high correlations among them? Interjudge reliability Do different raters or scorers agree on their scoring or observations? ReliabilityMeaning and Critical Questions Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence II Intelligence Test Construction: Psychometric Standards for Intelligence Tests. Types of reliability and validity in psychological testing:

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 10 Construct validity To what extent is the test actually measuring the construct of interest (e.g., intelligence)? Content validity Do the questions or test items relate to all aspects of the construct being measured? Criterion- related validity Do scores on the test predict some present or future behavior or outcome assumed to be affected by the construct being measured? ValidityMeaning and Critical Questions Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence II Intelligence Test Construction: Psychometric Standards for Intelligence Tests. Types of reliability and validity in psychological testing: