1. MEASUREMENTS OF INTELLIGENCE

2. STANFORD-BINET SCALE Alfred Binet: devised first modern intelligence test 1916: revised by Louis Terman of Stanford University Intelligence increases with age; different tests for different age levels

3. STANFORD-BINET SCALE Intelligence Quotient: reflects the relationship between a child’s mental age and his/her chronological age IQ = mental age/chronological age x 100 Average IQ score: 100

4. WECSHLER ADULT INTELLIGENCE SCALE Consists of several subtests, each measures a different intellectual skill Yields 3 scores = verbal, nonverbal, combined Identifies particular learning disabilities Average score = 100

5. TEST RELIABILITY AND TEST VALIDITY Reliability: the test yields similar scores for the same individual on different testing occasions Validity: the test measures what it is supposed to measure

6. PROBLEMS Economic Factors: lower income children attain scores 10 to 15 points lower Motivation: some children expect to fail Culturally Biased: words and concepts might be used every day by members of one group