Chapter 21 The Civil Rights Movement ( )

Section 1- Demands for Civil Rights Jackie Robinson first African American to play MLB Jackie Robinson first African American to play MLB NAACP NAACP Brown v. Board of Education 1954 Brown v. Board of Education 1954 “separate but equal” was unconstitutional in public education “separate but equal” was unconstitutional in public education “I am sworn to uphold the constitutional process in this country…I will obey” “I am sworn to uphold the constitutional process in this country…I will obey” Pg

Deep South angered Deep South angered “Southern Manifesto” “Southern Manifesto” Pg. 700

Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks, 1955 Rosa Parks, 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott Montgomery Bus Boycott “…tired of being segregated and humiliated… We have no alternative but to protest” “…tired of being segregated and humiliated… We have no alternative but to protest” 1956, Supreme Court ruled bus segregation unconstitutional 1956, Supreme Court ruled bus segregation unconstitutional Pg

Resistance in Little Rock Integration Integration Little Rock Nine Little Rock Nine Arkansas National Guard Arkansas National Guard Eisenhower sent soldiers to protect the students Eisenhower sent soldiers to protect the students Pg

Section 2- Leaders and Strategy NAACP, 1909 NAACP, 1909 National Urban League, helped them move and find jobs National Urban League, helped them move and find jobs CORE, Congress of Racial Equality, peaceful confrontation CORE, Congress of Racial Equality, peaceful confrontation Pg. 705

Philosophy of Nonviolence SCLC- 1957, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, nonviolent protests SCLC- 1957, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, nonviolent protests Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 Pg

A New Voice for Students SNCC, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, Ella Baker and Robert Moses SNCC, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, Ella Baker and Robert Moses Gave young activists a chance to make decisions about priorities and tactics, also wanted immediate change Gave young activists a chance to make decisions about priorities and tactics, also wanted immediate change “The younger generation is challenging you and me…follow our dedication to the truth to the bitter end” Baker “The younger generation is challenging you and me…follow our dedication to the truth to the bitter end” Baker Pg

Section 3- The Struggle Intensifies 1943, CORE created the sit-in to desegregate the Jack Spratt Coffee House in Chicago 1943, CORE created the sit-in to desegregate the Jack Spratt Coffee House in Chicago Worked well, businesses didn’t want to lose business or have a disruption Worked well, businesses didn’t want to lose business or have a disruption “badge of honor” “badge of honor” Pg

The Freedom Rides 1961, CORE, testing to make sure southern states were upholding their rights to ride buses 1961, CORE, testing to make sure southern states were upholding their rights to ride buses Met much violence but they continued Met much violence but they continued “If we let them stop us with violence, the movement is dead!” Diane Nash “If we let them stop us with violence, the movement is dead!” Diane Nash Pg

More Problems James Meredith- “Ole Miss” incident James Meredith- “Ole Miss” incident King jailed in Birmingham, AL King jailed in Birmingham, AL Birmingham March 1963 Birmingham March 1963 Water hoses and dogs used Water hoses and dogs used Pg

Section 4- The Political Response Medgar Evers NAACP Medgar Evers NAACP March on Washington ,000 marched for “Jobs and Freedom”, “I Have a Dream” speech March on Washington ,000 marched for “Jobs and Freedom”, “I Have a Dream” speech Pg. 717

Civil Rights Act of 1964 Kennedy assassinated Kennedy assassinated Lyndon Johnson Lyndon Johnson Civil Rights Act of banned different voter registration, prohibited discrimination in public accommodations, banned discrimination by employers and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, EEOC Civil Rights Act of banned different voter registration, prohibited discrimination in public accommodations, banned discrimination by employers and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, EEOC Pg

Fighting for the Vote Selma March 1965 Selma March 1965 Voting Rights Act of eliminated literacy tests Voting Rights Act of eliminated literacy tests 24 th Amendment- outlawed poll tax 24 th Amendment- outlawed poll tax Now more black Americans could vote and could be voted to office Now more black Americans could vote and could be voted to office Pg. 721

Section 5- Movement Takes a New Turn Malcolm X Malcolm X Joined Nation of Islam Joined Nation of Islam Opposed integration Opposed integration Black Nationalism- separate identity and racial unity of African Americans Black Nationalism- separate identity and racial unity of African Americans Eventually disagreed with his old feelings, worked with others but was killed, 1965 Eventually disagreed with his old feelings, worked with others but was killed, 1965 Pg. 723

The Black Power Movement Stokley Carmichael Stokley Carmichael Black Power, “What we gonna start saying now is ‘Black Power’” Black Power, “What we gonna start saying now is ‘Black Power’” Black Panthers, 1966, Bobby Seale and Huey Newton Black Panthers, 1966, Bobby Seale and Huey Newton Violent encounters Violent encounters Caused a split in Civil Rights Caused a split in Civil Rights Tommie Smith, John Carlos, Tommie Smith, John Carlos, Peter Norman Peter Norman Pg. 724

Tragedy in 1968 MLK is assassinated MLK is assassinated Riots erupt Riots erupt Robert Kennedy assassinated Robert Kennedy assassinated He wanted to stop the war and focus on civil rights He wanted to stop the war and focus on civil rights He reached out to many Americans He reached out to many Americans Pg. 726