1. Chapter 21 and Eyes on the Prize Review The Civil Rights Movement 1960-1968

2. Objectives Analyze Eyes on the Prize and use Chapter 21 in your textbook to identify civil rights organizations with their leaders and strategies. Identify those opposed to civil rights and their strategies (obstacles) Identify government action taken toward civil rights legislation (accomplishments)

3. Civil Rights Goals Legal equality Desegregate or integrate Equal voting opportunity Equal opportunity

4. Civil Rights Groups NAACP: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People CORE: Congress of Racial Equality SCLC: Southern Christian Leadership Conference SNCC: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

5. NAACP Leaders: W.E.B. Dubois Goals: promote legal equality, remove voting obstacles and end lynching Strategies: use the court system and be interracial Notes: One of oldest CR organizations founded in 1910. They have their own magazine called Crisis.. Appealed primarily to middle and upper class African Americans

6. NAACP

7. CORE Leaders: James Farmer Goals: end segregation, peaceful change Strategies: Peaceful confrontation through organized demonstrations. Sit-ins. Interracial. Freedom Rides. Founded in 1942

8. CORE

9. SCLC Leaders: MLK & Southern clergymen Goals: Shift focus of Civil Rights Movement to the South. Morally oppose segregation Strategies: Boycotts, nonviolent protests Notes: Founded in 1957 by MLK. Montgomery Bus Boycott. Influenced by Gandhi. Non-cooperation with evil

10. SCLC

11. SNCC Leaders: Ella Baker, Rob Moses, Todd Gitlin, Stokely Carmichael Goals: Attract young African Americans by giving them a large role, shift away from Church and SCLC Strategies; Sit-ins and under Carmichael, use militant measures to achieve immediate change Notes: Ella Baker shifted away from SCLC.

12. SNCC

13. Nonviolent Confrontation CORE created the sit-in which brought an end to segregation in the facilities it targeted CORE organized the Freedom Rides with the aid of SNCC. End segregation on interstate buses. Aimed at South but much violence Robert Kennedy assigned federal marshals to protect Freedom Riders Albany movement began a year long campaign of protest marches to demand desegregation of bus terminals. Albany police chief used tactic of nonviolent opposition to protestors and hid CR violations from press. Movement fizzled out

14. Freedom Riders

15. Nonviolent Confrontation continued James Meredith enters University of Mississippi w/ help from Supreme Court & Kennedy Birmingham Confrontation: Bull Connor and violence on TV. Win for protestors. Desegregate public facilities, fair hiring practices. Freedom Summer 1964: Freedom Rides and get African Americans to register to vote

16. Political Response Kennedy at first didn’t want to do anything but violence on TV made him push a CR Bill Kennedy helped MLK in Birmingham which probably helped him win the election MLK and March on Washington in 1963 with “I Have A Dream ” LBJ passed Civil Rights Act of 1964: banned discrimination in all public accommodations. Equal Opportunity Provision LBJ passes Voting Rights Act of 1965: can’t stop people from registering to vote

18. The Challenge of Black Power People impatient with pace of change James Baldwin : author who attacked de jure & de facto discrimination. Expect violence Malcolm X: spokesperson for Nation of Islam founded by Elijah Muhammad. Originally believed in separation of blacks and whites but changed his mind & became more like MLK after pilgrimage to Mecca. Stokely Carmichael takes SNCC in violent direction and tells them to use guns to Protect themselves

19. The Challenge of Black Power continued Carmichael’s idea of Black Power wanted Af Am to have racial pride and advocated economic & political power for all Af. Am. Black Power led to Black is Beautiful and the Black Panthers. Black Panthers wanted Af Am to lead their own communities and wanted the federal government to rebuild the nation’s ghettos. They had a softer side like day care & health facilities

21. Those Opposed to Civil Rights Governor Faubus of Arkansas: Schools Montgomery Alabama: Bus boycott Emitt Till’s murderers Senator Eastland Of Mississippi: no S.C. Albany: not successful