WWII Part Two: America at War

Evaluate the role of Americans on the “home front” in the conduct of WWII. How did WWII alter social and economic life in the United States?

Review: Isolation to War Japan invades Manchuria (31)  Hoover-Stimson Doctrine Ethiopia, SP CW, Rhineland, Panay (35-37)  Neutrality Acts, Quarantine Speech, Ludlow Amend Anschluss, Hitler breaks Munich, Invasion of Poland (38-39)  Neutrality Act of 39 (cash and carry weapons), “Arsenal of Democracy” Fall of France, Battle of Britain (40-41)  Destroyer for Bases, Congress authorizes huge military buildup, Selective Service Act, Embargo of specific materials against Japan FDR elected for 3 rd term (begins 41); Germany invades USSR  “Four Freedoms” Speech, Lend- Lease, convoy system, Atlantic Charter, Froze Japanese Assets in US, additions to Embargo against Japan, including oil

Learning Targets I can analyze how Americans contributed to the war effort on the home front in WWII. I can analyze the causes, conduct, and consequences of WWII. I can explain how WWII affected US culture, politics, and economy. I can explain how WWII changed the US government and its role in the world.

America’s War Aims Atlantic Charter (8/41) – No aggrandizement – No territorial changes against the will of those concerned – Respect the rights of People to choose their own governments – Freedom of the Seas 26 nations sign Atlantic Charter (1/42) “Four Freedoms” (1/41) – Speech – Worship – From want – From fear

WWII, in General Largest conflict in world history Two Theaters Europe First Two Strategies – 41-43: N. Africa, Invasion of Italy – 44-45: Operation overlord, Invasion of W. Europe

WWII: Europe Invasion of Poland (9/39) Fall of France (6/40) Hitler invades USSR (6/41) Battle of the Atlantic, begins before US enters war Stalingrad (8/42) Operation Torch, N. Africa (11/42) Invasion of Italy (9/43) Operation Overlord (6/44) V-E Day (5/45)

WWII, in General Pearl Harbor (12/41) Japan attacks Guam, Philippines Navy dominates Pacific Theater Battle of the Coral Sea (5/42) Battle of Midway (6/42) Island Hopping Fierce Japanese Resistance Bombs (8/45)

Mobilization of Forces Selective Service Act expanded 16 million men & women serve WAC’s and Waves African Americans Native Americans

Mobilization of the Economy: War Production Board War Labor Board Office of Price Administration Office of Scientific Research and Development

Social Changes: Demographics Growth of the Sunbelt States

Social Changes: Women Labor Force Increase in household wages After

Social Changes: African Americans Detroit Race Riots A Philip Randolph – March on Washington Movement – Fair Employment Practices Committee (8802)

Social Changes: Mexican Americans Bracero Program Zoot Suit Riots

WWII Part Two: America at War (2 nd video)

Social Changes: Japanese Americans Executive Order 9066 Korematsu v. US

Paying for the War Defense Spending – $8.9 billion (39) – $95.2 billion (45) $321 billion (41-45) ~45% paid by taxes Liberty Bonds Office of War Information – Bond Drives – Victory Gardens – Recycling

At War: Diplomacy United Nations Declaration (1/42) The Grand Alliance – The Allies – The Big Three

At War: Diplomacy Casablanca Conference (1/43) – “unconditional surrender” – The soft underbelly of Europe

At War: Diplomacy Tehran Conference (9/43) – 1 st for the Big Three – Agree on invasion of western Europe – Disagreements

At War: Diplomacy Yalta Conference (2/45) – “Declaration of Liberated Europe” – UN to begin in April – Germany divided

At War: Diplomacy Potsdam (7-8/45) – Truman, Stalin, and Clement Attlee – Truman’s hint – Disagreements

At War: The Bomb Manhattan Project Hiroshima & Nagasaki

The Aftermath 45-55m. deaths, 35m. wounded, 3m. missing 405,000 Am. deaths Destruction of property Holocaust – Evian Conference Emergence of Super Powers

The Aftermath The division of Germany The fate of Eastern Europe Rise of nationalism in former colonial territories Technology

The Aftermath War + New Deal + continuation of both= massive government debt Cold War