1. World War II Review Created By: Michael Crews

2. Precursors Fascism and Militarism in Central Europe Japanese invasion of Manchuria and China Rise of Nazism in Germany Invasion of Ethiopia by Italy Invasion of Poland and subsequent “Blitzkrieg” by Germany

3. Early U.S. Involvement Roosevelt asked Congress to revise the previous neutrality acts – Wanted to aid the allies but not fully enter the war – Developed the Neutrality Act of 1939 Sold war martials on a cash and carry basis – Lend-Lease policy followed Military supplies could be loaned or leased to countries considered vital to American defense Had to deal with German U-boats in the Eastern Atlantic – Atlantic Charter – between Roosevelt and Churchill An agreement end Nazi tyranny Develop self-rule for all people Disarmament International economic cooperation Freedom of the seas

4. U.S Goes to War Pearl Harbor – Surprise attack on U.S. Navy by Japanese at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941 – The U.S. declares war on Japan the next day – Subsequently, Germany and Italy declare war the U.S. Battle of Coral Sea – Halted Japanese advances in the South Pacific Battle of Midway – U.S. destroyed 4 aircraft carriers – Japan never won a significant battle in the Pacific for the rest of the War D-Day June 6, 1944 – Allied invasion of Europe – Marked the beginning of the end for Hitler Battle of the Bulge – Americans resisted a massive counter attack by the Germans – Broke the German lines and advanced toward Berlin, Germany

5. Ending the War In Europe the Allies surrounded Berlin, Germany – Hitler committed suicide in an underground bunker on April 30, 1945 – Russians take Berlin May 2 – Germany surrenders unconditionally within the week In Japan the United States drops two atomic bombs on Japan – Hiroshima August 6, 1945 – Nagasaki August 9, 1945 – Japan surrendered unconditionally on September 2, 1945

6. World War II Home Front Economically – Government initiated price and wage controls – Worked with labor unions to reduce slowdowns in production – Government issued War Bonds to pay for increased spending – Rationing of supplies was instituted to address shortages Gasoline, sugar, meat, rubber, nylon Many people grew ‘Victory Gardens’ to save even more food Politically – Many New Deal programs were reduced or eliminated – Roosevelt chose Harry S. Truman to be his running mate in 1944 Women’s role – Women filled the workplace void left by men off fighting in the war Rosie the Riveter

7. Ethnic Issues During the War African Americans – African Americans migrated to urban centers to gain employment in the factories – Several joined the military, although it was segregated until 1940 – The Tuskegee Airmen were a decorated unit of all black pilots – Double V Campaign ‘victory abroad and victory at home’ related to civil-rights issues Native Americans – Navajo Indians became ‘Code-Talkers’ in the Pacific Campaign Japanese Americans – After Pearl Harbor, many face discrimination – Roosevelt authorized the ‘internment’ of all Japanese Americans in relocation centers – The Supreme Court upheld the order in 1944