1. WWII: America Enters the War

2. Neutrality President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared U.S. neutral two days after France and Britain declared war on Germany Official position at the beginning of WWII: Neutrality U.S. supported Britain and France Neutrality laws banned the sale of weapons to nations at war (Germany, France, Britain)

3. Destroyers-for-Bases Deal British Prime Minister Winston Churchill asked FDR for American destroyers (battleships) Britain had lost ½ of its own destroyers by 1940 Britain needed destroyers to: Protect cargo ships from German U-Boats Protect Great Britain from German invasion FDR trades 50 U.S. destroyers for the right to build military bases on British-controlled land Newfoundland Bermuda Caribbean Islands

4. American Isolationism Isolationism- policy to avoid participation in foreign affairs (European wars) Debate: Isolation Stay out of war in Europe Intervention Enter War Help Allies Protect Democracy Fight Dictators

5. FDR Defends the Four Freedoms Four Freedoms U.S. and Britain stood for: Freedom of Speech Freedom of Worship Freedom from Want Freedom from Fear

6. Lend-Lease Act Allowed U.S. to lend or lease arms to any country considered “vital to the defense of the United States” Allowed FDR to send weapons to Britain if Britain returned them, or paid the U.S. back after the war FDR feared the fall of Britain Germany, Japan, and Italy would conquer the world U.S. should be the great “arsenal of democracy” Keep the British fighting so U.S. doesn’t have to America sent $40 billion in weapons, vehicles, and supplies to Britain

7. Nazi-Soviet Pact Hitler violates the Nazi-Soviet Pact Germany invades USSR American Lend-Lease Act sends aid to USSR Britain vows to aid any country willing to fight against Nazism

8. Hemispheric Defense Zone British Navy did not have enough ships to stop German U-Boats from patrolling the Atlantic Ocean Hemispheric Defense Zone Western half of the Atlantic Ocean was part of the Western Hemisphere = Neutral U.S. Navy patrolled the western Atlantic Reported U-Boat positions to British

9. Atlantic Charter Agreement between America and Britain to post-war relationship Democracy Non-aggression Free Trade Economic Advancement Freedom of the Seas 15 anti-Axis (Germany, Italy) nations signed Atlantic Charter FDR pledged to force an “incident” which would justify him opening hostilities U-Boats and American destroyers face-off in the Atlantic “Shoot-on-sight” policy

10. Embargoes on Japan Britain needed all ships in Europe Left India and other British colonies in Asia unprotected FDR helps Britain by hindering Japanese ability to seize British colonies FDR applies economic pressure to Japan 1940 FDR restricts the sale of strategic materials (materials important for fighting a war) to Japan Scrap Iron Steel Oil Airplane fuel Japan signs alliance with Germany and Italy

11. Embargoes on Japan 1941, FDR sends Lend-Lease aid to Japanese-occupied China Wanted China to keep Japan from gaining territory in Asia Failed Japan invaded Indochina Threatened British colonies FDR response to Japanese aggression in Asia Japanese assets in U.S. frozen Reduce oil shipments to Japan Sends General MacArthur to Philippines to build-up U.S. military presence

12. Embargoes on Japan Japan responds to U.S. military build-up in the Philippines and oil embargo Planned to attack: British Colonies Dutch Colonies The Philippines American fleet at Pearl Harbor