Energy, Heat and Heat Transfer Earth Science Intro Unit

I will be able to describe Energy and the two types of energy. What is Energy? Energy Is the ability to cause change Many forms of energy Two general forms of energy are Kinetic energy Potential energy

What is Potential Energy? I will be able to describe Energy and the two types of energy. What is Potential Energy? Potential Energy Energy an object has due to its position and condition.

What is Potential Energy? I will be able to describe Energy and the two types of energy. What is Potential Energy? Potential Energy Examples: A ball held above the ground has potential energy because the force of gravity can pull it down. Stretching a rubber band increases its potential energy because of its condition.

I will be able to describe Energy and the two types of energy. What is Kinetic Energy? Kinetic Energy Is the energy of an object that is due to motion All moving objects have kinetic energy All particles in matter are in constant motion The faster the particles move the more kinetic energy they have

I will be able to describe Energy and the two types of energy. What is Kinetic Energy? Kinetic Energy Depends on mass and speed. Increases as mass increases Increases as speed increases

How do particles move? Solids Liquids Gas I will be able to describe how particles of matter move in each state of matter. How do particles move? Solids Held tightly together Vibrate in place Liquids Move more freely Slide/tumble over each other. Gas Particles far apart. Move at high speeds Collisions occur.

How does temperature relate to kinetic energy? I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat. How does temperature relate to kinetic energy? Temperature Measure of the average kinetic energy of all particles. Absolute Zero Temperature at which the motion of particles stop. Not possible to reach it (at this time).

How does temperature relate to kinetic energy? I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat. How does temperature relate to kinetic energy? Temperature Cooler Liquids Move Slower Lower Temperature Warmer Liquids Move faster Higher Temperature Example: Hot Iron Particles in the solid are vibrating very fast. Has a high average kinetic energy.

How is Temperature Measured? I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat. How is Temperature Measured? Thermometer An instrument used to measure temperature. Units: Celsius (˚C) Fahrenheit (˚F) Kelvin

What are the Temperature Scales?? I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat. What are the Temperature Scales?? Most commonly used Water Boils Body Temp Room Temp Water Freezes Used mostly in the US Used in physics Kelvin not degrees Lowest temp = absolute zero

What is Thermal Energy? Thermal Energy I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat. What is Thermal Energy? Thermal Energy Total kinetic energy of all particles in a substance. SI System Unit J (joules)

How is Thermal Energy different from Temperature? I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat. How is Thermal Energy different from Temperature? Difference? Temperature = average kinetic energy. Thermal Energy = total energy Example: A lake and glass of water can have the same temperature. A lake has more molecules so it has more thermal energy.

Hot to Cold How is Heat? Heat I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat. How is Heat? Heat Is the energy transferred from an object of a higher temperature to an object of a lower temperature. Always flows from hot to cold. More energy to less Three ways it is transferred Hot to Cold

How is heat related to thermal energy? I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat. How is heat related to thermal energy? Heat / Thermal Energy Heat is the energy involved when properties change. Temperature and thermal energy are properties of a substance. Adding or removing heat which affect its: Temperature Thermal Energy

How can heat affect the state of an matter? I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat. How can heat affect the state of an matter? Heat / State of Matter State of a substance depends on the speed of the particles. Adding / removing heat can result in a change of state. Example: Adding heat to ice cube changes it from a solid to a liquid

How can heat be transferred? I will be able to compare and contrast the three types of energy transfers. How can heat be transferred? Energy Transfer Stations Station 1 Station 2 Station 3

How can heat be transferred? I will be able to compare and contrast the three types of energy transfers. How can heat be transferred? Radiation Transfer of energy as heat by electromagnetic waves. Ex: Radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves visible light, ultraviolet waves. Can travel through empty space. Cannot see it, but feel it as heat (infrared) Sunlight Open Fire Living things

How can heat be transferred? I will be able to compare and contrast the three types of energy transfers. How can heat be transferred? Conduction Transfer of energy as heat by direct contact. Occurs when objects of different temperatures come in contact. Particles bump into each other transferring their energy. Continues until the temperatures are equal. Can occur with a single object. Energy is transferred from the warmer part to the cooler part.

How can heat be transferred? I will be able to compare and contrast the three types of energy transfers. How can heat be transferred? Convection Transfer of energy as heat by the movement of a liquid or gas. In most substances, as temperature increases, density decreases. Convection occurs when a cooler (denser) fluid (liquid or gas) replaces a warmer (less dense) mass of a fluid. Creates a convection current.

How a Convection Current Works? I will be able to explain how convection transfers heat energy. How a Convection Current Works? Warmer Fluids Particles move faster. Particles spread out increasing volume Density becomes less dense, and fluid rises. Cooler fluids Particles move slower Particles come together, decreasing volume. Density increases, fluid sinks.