ECGD 4121 – Transportation Engineering I Lecture 2 Faculty of Applied Engineering and Urban Planning Civil Engineering Department 2 nd Semester 2008/2009

2 Transportation engineering is an essential component of the civil engineering discipline Transportation engineering is an essential component of the civil engineering discipline Transportation engineering aims to provide the safe and efficient movement of people and/or goods in an environmentally conscious manner. Transportation engineering aims to provide the safe and efficient movement of people and/or goods in an environmentally conscious manner. Introduction

3 Importance of Transportation Ability to tap natural resources and marketsAbility to tap natural resources and markets Allows specialization of industry, commerce, or scientific aspectsAllows specialization of industry, commerce, or scientific aspects Increases competitions in all fieldsIncreases competitions in all fields Military requirementsMilitary requirements Social benefitsSocial benefits

4 Traffic EngineeringTraffic Engineering Transportation PlanningTransportation Planning Highway & Bridge DesignHighway & Bridge Design Maintenance (signs, roads, etc.)Maintenance (signs, roads, etc.) Air qualityAir quality Asset managementAsset management SafetySafety ConstructionConstruction ITSITS Basic Areas

First toll road First toll road First railroad First railroad Steam ship on Atlantic ocean Steam ship on Atlantic ocean First successful oil pipeline First successful oil pipeline Bicycles introduced in US Bicycles introduced in US Electric streetcar Electric streetcar First airplane First airplane 1914 – Panama canal1914 – Panama canal 1961 – Manned spaceflight1961 – Manned spaceflight Key Milestones in Transportation History

6 Key Milestones in Transportation History

7 Transportation Engineering Profession PlanningPlanning DesignDesign ConstructionConstruction OperationsOperations ResearchResearch

8 Private CompaniesPrivate Companies Regulatory AgenciesRegulatory Agencies Federal AgenciesFederal Agencies State & Local AgenciesState & Local Agencies Trade AssociationsTrade Associations Professional SocietiesProfessional Societies Consumer AssociationsConsumer Associations Transportation Organizations

9 Federal and/or state sources for: Highways (Construction, maintenance, and law enforcement)Highways (Construction, maintenance, and law enforcement) Urban mass transitUrban mass transit Railways (Urban and rural systems)Railways (Urban and rural systems) Waterways (Inland waterway and marine)Waterways (Inland waterway and marine) AirportsAirports Transportation Finance

10 Gasoline taxGasoline tax Vehicle registration taxVehicle registration tax Sales tax from lubricantsSales tax from lubricants Sales tax from title feesSales tax from title fees Transportation Finance Taxes and Fees

11 Highway Finance Toll Roads

12 Highway Finance Heavy Vehicle Tax

13 Main Transportation Challenges Maintenance and rehabilitationMaintenance and rehabilitation Reconstruction and expansionReconstruction and expansion CongestionCongestion SafetySafety EnvironmentEnvironment Proper integration of technologyProper integration of technology

14 Challenges Congestion in Urban Roads

15 Challenges Congestion in Urban Intersections

16 Challenges Safety Measures

17 Challenges Existing Highway System Maintenance

18 Challenges Existing Highway System Rehabilitation

19 Challenges Transportation Security Air TransportAir Transport Maritime/Waterway TransportMaritime/Waterway Transport HighwayHighway PipelinePipeline RailwayRailway

20 Challenges Major Consequences Environmental pollution (air, water, land, and noise)Environmental pollution (air, water, land, and noise) Reduction in safety levelsReduction in safety levels Delays in transit timeDelays in transit time Loss of excess fuelLoss of excess fuel Economic negative impactEconomic negative impact

21 Solutions Improved High Capacity Highways

22 Highways: Pavement Management SystemsPavement Management Systems Life-cycle cost analysisLife-cycle cost analysis Better & rapid maintenance techniquesBetter & rapid maintenance techniques Reduction in maintenance timeReduction in maintenance time Solutions Efficient Management of Existing Systems

23 Solutions More Efficient Transportation Utilities

24 Solutions More Efficient Use of Existing Utilities (HOV)

25 Solutions Multi – Modal Transportation Systems

26 Solutions Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

27 Highway SystemsHighway Systems Railway SystemsRailway Systems Airway SystemsAirway Systems Waterway SystemsWaterway Systems Pipeline SystemsPipeline Systems Primary Transportation Modes

28 Primary Transportation Modes

29 Passenger Transportation Air Transportation

30 High Speed Rail Normal Speed Rail Passenger Transportation Passenger Rail Transportation

31 Passenger Transportation Cycled Transportation

32 Passenger Transportation Urban Mass Transit

33 Freight Transit Air Freight

34 Barges on Inland Waterways Maritime Container Ships Freight Transit Waterway Freight

35 Freight Transit Rail Freight

36 Freight Transit Trucking Freight

37 Freight Transit Pipeline Systems

38 Traffic Engineering (ITE’s Definition) It is the phase of transportation engineering that deals with the planning, geometric design, and traffic operations of roads, streets, and highways; their networks, terminals, abutting lands, and relationships with other modes of transportation.

39 Elements of Traffic Engineering Traffic studies and characteristicsTraffic studies and characteristics Performance evaluationPerformance evaluation Facility design (not road design)Facility design (not road design) Traffic operationsTraffic operations Transportation systems managementTransportation systems management Integration of ITS technologiesIntegration of ITS technologies

40 Objectives of Traffic Engineering Safety is the primary goalSafety is the primary goal Provide mobility and accessProvide mobility and access Operation Operation Speed of movement Speed of movement Ability to get from point A to point B in a timely logical manner Ability to get from point A to point B in a timely logical manner Consider the environmentConsider the environment Air, water, land, and noise Air, water, land, and noise

41 Responsibilities in Traffic Engineering Traffic engineers have closer relationship with public than other CE engineering disciplinesTraffic engineers have closer relationship with public than other CE engineering disciplines Public safety depends on traffic engineersPublic safety depends on traffic engineers Key participants and decision-makers are not engineers and often do not understand basic traffic engineering concepts and how they affect projectsKey participants and decision-makers are not engineers and often do not understand basic traffic engineering concepts and how they affect projects

42 Responsibilities in Traffic Engineering Traffic engineering projects often affect bottom line of developers, business owners, etcTraffic engineering projects often affect bottom line of developers, business owners, etc Pressure to give the desired answer rather than the right answerPressure to give the desired answer rather than the right answer Pressure to understimate negative impacts and overestimate positive onesPressure to understimate negative impacts and overestimate positive ones

43 Greatest risk is an incomplete analysisGreatest risk is an incomplete analysis The traffic engineer has responsibility to protect the community from liability by good practiceThe traffic engineer has responsibility to protect the community from liability by good practice Responsibilities in Traffic Engineering

44 Common areas of liability: Placing control devices that do not conform to applicable standards for their physical design and placementPlacing control devices that do not conform to applicable standards for their physical design and placement Failure to maintain devices in a manner that ensures their effectivenessFailure to maintain devices in a manner that ensures their effectiveness Failure to apply the most current standards and guidelines in making decision on traffic control, devoting a facility plan or conducting an investigationFailure to apply the most current standards and guidelines in making decision on traffic control, devoting a facility plan or conducting an investigation Implementing traffic regulations without proper legal authorityImplementing traffic regulations without proper legal authority Responsibilities in Traffic Engineering