Kidde Engineered Fire Suppression System 25 bar Equipment Hardware Engineered for use with 3M™ Novec™ 1230 Fire Protection Fluid

System Design Presentation for Fire System Engineers and Specifiers

The long-term, sustainable solution When you compare Novec 1230 fluid to previous clean agents, you’ll see there is a marked difference in their environmental properties. This slide shows the critical environmental properties for this industry. First and foremost, a material needs to be non-ozone depleting to be considered a viable halon replacement. Even the first generation of halon replacements met this criterion, but they didn’t address the second question: that they also be a minimum contributor to global warming. Looking at the global warming values of the HFCs compared to halons, they’re just as high or even higher—and persist in the atmosphere for many decades. Novec 1230 fluid, on the other hand, has a GWP of 1, and persists only for a few days—orders of magnitude difference. The challenge to the industry has been to find a product that can address both of these key environmental attributes. Novec 1230 fluid is one of the first materials to do that: to be an effective fire extinguishing agent that makes virtually no contribution to global warming. The U.S. EPA’s SNAP (Significant New Alternatives Program) has already indicated their intent to approve Novec 1230 fluid in both flooding and streaming applications. Novec 1230 fluid is currently permitted to be sold under SNAP, and is awaiting a final ruling from the U.S. EPA and publication in the U.S. Federal Register.

The Physics of Fire Fire Triangle Fuel, Oxygen & Heat What is fire? The state of combustion in which inflammable material burns, producing heat, flames and often smoke.

How Does Novec 1230 Fluid Work? Fire can be extinguished by the following mechanisms By interrupting the combustion chain reaction By containing or eliminating the source of fuel By cutting off or diluting the source of oxygen By removing sufficient heat from the fire Novec 1230 fluid has the highest heat capacity of any commercially available Halon alternative, resulting in the lowest extinguishing concentrations for a given fuel. Halon extinguish fire primarily by the first mechanism. When exposed to flame temperatures, a bromine atom is cleaved from the halon molecule, chemically inhibiting the combustion chain reaction. Inert gases such as argon and nitrogen extinguish fire mainly by the third mechanism, diluting the oxygen level below 15 volume percent, the level required to support combustion. Novec 1230 fluid, like other halocarbon alternatives, extinguishes principally via the fourth mechanism - removing heat from the fire. Upon discharge, Novec 1230 fluid creates a gaseous mixture with air. This agent / air mixture has a heat capacity much larger than that of air alone. A higher heat capacity means that this gas mixture will absorb more energy (heat) for each degree of temperature change it experiences. At the system design concentration, the agent / air mixture absorbs sufficient heat to upset the balance of the tetahedon. The amount of heat the fire loses to the surroundings is increased by the presence of the agent. This causes the combustion zone to cool to the point that the fire extinguished.

Kidde Engineered Fire Suppression System Engineered for use with 3M™ Novec™ 1230 Fire Protection Fluid

Design Fundamentals Designer must determine whether agent is suitable for risk material(s). Total flood application requires that the risk area be of adequate integrity to maintain the desired concentration for at least 10 minutes. Fan tests are usually recommended to determine if leakage is within appropriate limits Designer must determine whether expected temperature range is suitable for the equipment and/or flow calculation method

Design Basics 1. Determine Mass of Agent Required 2. Evaluate Nozzle Flow Rates & Coverage 3. Design Distribution Piping

Relevant Factors: [1] Mass of Agent Volume of protected space. Elevation above (or below) sea level. Temperature range in protected space. Fuel / Fire Risk.

Mass of Agent Volume of Risk Calculate gross volume of space. Always round-up rather than down. Do not forget to add the volume of recessed areas such as window frames. Reduce gross volume if there are permanent impermeable objects or structural elements within the risk.

Mass of Agent Height of risk relative to sea level Atmospheric pressure (and so air density) varies with altitude Apply correction factor to basic agent quantity if risk is +/- 1000m or more above sea level (software has field for elevation data entry). Note: Risk areas significantly above sea level will require less agent, while those below sea level will require more!

Mass of Agent Temperature effects Use minimum anticipated temperature unless otherwise stipulated by authority responsible. The target is a specified minimum % agent to air. When the air is cold it is more dense, therefore reducing the temperature will increase the mass of air present within a risk. To maintain a minimum concentration the quantity of agent delivered must be increased as the temperature drops.

Mass of Agent Fuel / Fire Risk and Concentration V/V % Standard Class A Fire (Surface fire, wood or other cellulose material) 5.33% concentration. Class B (Flammable Liquids) - Diesel @ 4.42% conc.

Mass of Agent Fuel / Fire Risk and Concentration V/V % Energised Electrical Equipment 5.33% concentration - EDP Areas, Battery Room, Switchboard Room, Computer Rooms, Data Archives.

Mass of Agent Calculation of Flooding Factor Table 3-2, page 3-4, Design, Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual Formulae Kidde Novec 1230 Flow calculation software

[2] Nozzle Selection Relevant Factors: Min / Max Height Coverage, Positioning & Orientation Discharge patterns

Nozzle Coverage Min / Max Height The minimum height of any void with standard nozzle spacing is 300mm. For more shallow voids contact KFP for guidance. The maximum height, floor to ceiling for a single row of nozzles is 4.87 m. Beyond this additional tiers will be required, each up to 4.87 m apart.

Nozzle Coverage Maximum Area Coverage and Position Maximum area per nozzle 118.8m2 360o Length of 10.9 m, Width of 10.9 m 180o Length of 10.9 m, Width of 10.9 m 360o nozzle to be located close to the centre of the protected area of coverage. 180o nozzle to be located close to the centre of the wall. 180o nozzles may be used in a back-to-back configuration. The nozzles should be placed between 0.3 to 0.6 m apart. [DIO&M Manual - Section 3-2.3.5,PAGE 3-11]

Nozzle Coverage Length 12.1 m 7.7 m Width Width

Nozzle Coverage 360 degree 180 degree Coverage Nozzle Discharge Pattern, theoretical, plan view. Coverage Nozzle 360 degree 180 degree

[3] Distribution Piping Fully Engineered Tee splits; permitted type and orientation

Distribution Piping Engineered Systems Require hydraulic flow calculations using Kidde Flow Calculation Software which provide detailed printable reports. Allows for unbalanced apportioning of agent. NOTE: It is recommended that floor and ceiling voids are protected unless they are completely sealed from the main risk.

Distribution Piping 100% 25-75% 65-90% 10-35% 100% Tee Split Summary

[4] Cylinders and System Components Hardware Elements : Cylinders: - Capacity - Storage location Actuation Hardware and Ancillaries Distribution pipe work and pilot lines

Control Head(s) Outlet Adapter Cylinder Valve Cylinder Cylinder Strap

Agent Storage Containers Cylinders - fill range and capacities Maximum Fill density 1.12 kg/l. (Reducing fill density improves the flow characteristics of the agent) Minimum Fill Density 0.56 kg/l. 5, 8, 16, 28, 51, 81, 142, 243 & 368 Litre sizes available.

Cylinders are manufactured in accordance with 99/36/EC

System Approval

Actuation Actuation Methods and Components Control Options Kidde Actuation Hardware

Actuation Actuation Methods Manual local operation Remote Cable operation Pressure operated by pilot cylinder Electric Solenoid operation Slave Actuation via pressure from Master Novec cylinder.

Actuation Control Heads :- Agent Cylinder Valve, N2 Pilot Cylinder, Discharge Delay and Stop Valve [FM] actuation. Lever Operated Pressure Operated Cable Operated Lever/Pressure Operated Pneumatic control head c/w lever and cable facility Solenoid, stackable* or ex-proof. * Not suitable for N2 Pilot Cylinder or 80mm(3”) Valve

Lever Operated Control Head

Pressure Operated Control Head

Lever / Pressure Operated Control Head

Electric Control Head c/w Manual Release

Stackable Control Head *Not suitable for N2 Pilot Cylinder or 80mm(3”) Valve

Pneumatic Control Head c/w Manual Lever & Cable Release

Nitrogen Pilot Cylinder & Adapter

Standard Break Glass Pull Handle

Agent Cylinder Valve 40 mm, 50 mm & 80 mm (1½”, 2” & 3”).

If there are any questions please do not hesitate to ask! Thank you If there are any questions please do not hesitate to ask!