LTMS Science Team Tennison Webb Bishop

What is Matter? Matter- Anything that  has mass  takes up space (volume)

Measuring Matter Ways to Measure Matter UnitsTools MassGrams (g)Triple Beam Balance VolumeLiters (L)Graduated Cylinder

Matter exists in 5 states: You are probably familiar with the 3 states of matter, we will learn 2 more.  Gas  Liquid  Solid Least Energetic Least Thermal Energy Most Energetic Most Thermal Energy

Solids:  Have a definite volume and a definite shape  This means the object will keep its shape, no matter what container or position you place it in.  Example: When you put an ice cube in a glass it doesn’t become the shape of the glass (unless it changes to a liquid.) Find the correct place on the data table to place the information

Particles in a Solid:  The particles are packed tightly together, they vibrate but stay in a fixed position.

Liquids  Definite volume, but has no shape of its own, takes on the shape of container.  The amount of volume of the liquid doesn’t change if its poured into another container.  Example: if you pour 100mL of water into another container the water still occupies 100mL of volume in the new container

Particles in a Liquid:  The particles in a liquid are packed close together like in a solid but can move around freely.  Since the particles are free to move around a liquid has no definite shape, but the amount of liquid remains the same.

Gases  No definite shape and No definite volume  The volume and shape of a gas is the same as the volume and shape of the container.  Example: If you put a gas in a sealed container, the gas particles will spread apart or squeeze together to fill every bit of that container.

Particles in a Gas:  If you put a gas in a sealed container, the gas particles will spread apart or squeeze together to fill that container.

Plasma  No real shape, no container can hold Plasma due to it’s super high energy level.  Molecules are very far apart and moving very quickly, as in chaos.  Plasma is very rare on Earth, but it is the most common state of matter in the Universe because all stars are made of Plasma.

Comparing States of Matter

Bose Einstein Condensate (BEC)  Atoms in a BEC are super unexcited with a very low energy level, particles are not moving and clump together.  Groups of atoms occupy the same space, somewhat like a clump of atoms, sometimes called a “super atom.”  BEC was predicted by Bose and Einstein in 1924 and created in the lab in 1995, earning the creator the Nobel Prize in 2001.

5 States of Matter:  Plasma  Gas  Liquid  Solid  Bose–Einstein Condensate (BEC). Least Energetic Least Thermal Energy Least Heat Most Energetic Most Thermal Energy Most Heat

Matter and Energy are Different Matter  Has mass  Takes up space/ has volume Energy  Does not have mass  Does not take up space/ not have volume Energy affects Matter. Energy is always involved when physical and chemical changes in matter occur. A

What is Energy? Energy is the ability to do work.

2 Main Form of Energy Potential energy –the energy stored within a system, it can also be thought of as the energy of position Kinetic energy- the energy of motion.

The Total Energy in a System: Kinetic and Potential Energy  Together Kinetic and Potential energy make up the total energy in a system.  Potential energy can change to Kinetic energy and vice versa, but the total amount of energy is always the same. Energy is never lost, it is always conserved.

Energy is Never Lost  As energy flows through a system it can be transferred and/or transformed form one type to another.

Energy Transformation  Energy transfers may involve  the energy moving through a system  such as thermal energy moving in the atmosphere to create wind.

Energy Transformation  Energy transfers may involve  the energy changing into a new form  such as chemical energy inside a battery changing to electrical energy in an electronic device

Energy is Never Lost  Law of Conservation of Energy  As energy moves and transforms it is never lost  Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but only changes from one form to another.

Energy is Never Lost  As energy flows through a system it can be transferred and/or transformed form one type to another.

Energy Types Solar energy Light energy Mechanical energy Electrical energy Chemical energy Thermal energy Gravitational energy Elastic energy Nuclear energy Magnetic energy Some types of energy include