CHAPTER 4 The West and the World: Explorations and Encounter

Portuguese Where did they go?  Africa,  1434 Canary Islands,  1497 Vasco daGama - India

What did they gain?  Trade: they took trade away from Muslims and away from Venetian traders in Italian.  They did not take land.  Portugal became a centre of trade  Spices, pepper, slaves (45) gold, ivory

How did they view natives?  As civilized people-traded with them  Muslims and Indians were civilized at that time.  Took slaves from Africa-saw these as inferior.

Why did they go?  Against the Muslims who took their trade  to promote Christianity  to seek the lost Christian civilization of Prester John

What technology enabled them?  caravel  nao  Carrack

What technology enabled them?  magnetized needle compass  Astrolabe  longitude and latitude  navigational cross-staff.

Spanish - where did they go?  Christopher Columbus 1492 to Canary Islands  Cortez arrives in Mexico 1519  Magellan 1519 Pacific Ocean->Philippines  Others to San Salvador, Mexico, Peru

Why did they go?  To find a new route to Asia

What did they gain?  Slaves  hatred  metals (silver, gold)  Spices  high inflation  “Black legend”  Potatoes, rice,bananas

How did they view natives?  Columbus view – naked, had no religion, should be good and intelligent servants  Naked culturally  RCC – “barbarous nation be overthrown and brought to the faith – Church sanctioned  Not all agreed – Michel deMontaigne

What technology enabled them?  Crossbows and guns,  horses,  nothing more than the Portuguese had

England: Where did they go?  John Cabot went to Newfoundland, 1497  Sebastian Cabot went to Hudson strait 1508  Ferdinand Magellan around S. America 1526  Sebastian Cabot - Brazil, Paraguay

Why did they go?  To find the Northwest passage – a shorter route to Asia  Ultimately, for trade

What did they gain?  Fish (cod),  timber,  fur,  claimed land for England  debts to the royal coffers

How did they view natives?  not hostile unless natives appeared hostile;  did wipe out the Beotuks,  made treaties (although poor ones)  claimed land for England

Technology:  compass,  quadrant,  astrolabe,  dripping needle,  improved rudder  cross-staff

France: Where did they go?  Jacques Cartier 1534 Gulf of St. Lawrence,  1535St Lawrence River

Why did they go?  To obtain precious metals  To find the northwest passage  to get wealth like Spain  To finance wars (with England)  To acquire more land Thus, a commercial operation.

What did they gain?  Claimed land (Canada) for France  Much later claimed Louisiana Purchase for France (1803)

How did they view natives?  got along well at first with Algonquin  Fighting with the Five-nation Iroquois  Coeur de bois – traders with natives  Converting the natives

What technology enabled them?  None mentioned in ch 4 or ch 7; therefore, we assume that they had similar technologies as other countries