The Social Sciences, Humanities and foresight programme: evolution and future perspectives The Directorate for Research in Social Sciences, Humanities and Foresight of DG Research, European Commission

The early steps EU Research policy was first included in the Single European Act in « The Community shall have the objective of strengthening the scientific and technological bases of Community industry and encouraging it to become more competitive at international level, while promoting all the research activities deemed necessary by virtue of other chapters of this Treaty”. Therefore the RTD policy, as defined by the Treaty, contains a socio-economic dimension. Research programmes existed before 1986 but did not include research on SSH as such. Only FAST promoted foresight by exploring emerging domains (like ICTs or biotechnologies). Other research programmes supported mobility in the SSH disciplines.

How were SSH included into the FP? In 1994, FP4 created a proper domain of SSH called « targeted socio economic research » (TSER). Under FP4 and FP5, foresight is taken over by the JRC (IPTS in Sevilla), but also reappears as a new activity under FP6.

Issues addressed under FP4 Targeted socio-economic research Scientific and technology policy options. Education and training. Social exclusion and social integration.

Issues addressed under FP5 Analysing structural, demographic and social changes, including the phenomena of xenophobia, racism and migration in Europe. Analysing the relationship between technological development, employment and society. Analysing the changing role of European institutions, systems of governance and citizenship in the process of European integration. Validating new development models, fostering growth, employment, social and economic cohesion and the quality of life.

Issues addressed under FP6 Knowledge-based society and social cohesion * Generation, use and distribution of knowledge * Developing the Lisbon societal objectives * Variety of paths towards knowledge society Citizenship, democracy and new forms of governance * Implication of EU integration/enlargement * Multi-level governance * resolution of conflicts, peace, justice * citizenship and cultural identities

Issues addressed under FP6 (Continued) Foresight * Is meant to help strengthen the bases of the European Research Area * Studies, analyses, methodology, preparation of medium and long term scenarios Other SSH elements * Infrastructures * Research and innovation * Mobility (Marie Curie) * Science and society * Integration of SSH in other research priorities (e.g. environment, health, transport…)

Evolution of SSH budget since 1994

Quantitative evolution of SSH EU research FP4FP5FP6 Nb of projects Nb of research teams Ratio teams per project 7,48,216,7 Average budget / proj. (M€) 0,7100,8861,780 Nb of countries353950

The various disciplines in RTD consortia in FP4 and FP5 “Disciplines” Sociology Economics Political Science (including public policy) Statistics Management/Business Education Psychology Geography History Anthropology Urban/Regional Planning Demography * Other marginal disciplines included philosophy, women´s studies, cultural studies, architecture, church history, law, communication, linguistics and technology policy

The particular nature of EU SSH research Issue oriented. Multidisciplinary. Significant comparative element. Policy relevant in the middle to longer-term as projects last up to 5 years. Policy relevant not only at EU level but also at national and regional levels.

The rationale of the new FP7 Broad continuity with FP6 Simplification is very important Some key novelties * Longer period ( ) * From 17,5 to 75,8 Billions Eur * The European Research Council * Joint Technological Platforms

Specific Programmes Cooperation – Collaborative research People – Human Potential JRC (nuclear) Ideas – Frontier Research Capacities – Research Capacity JRC (non-nuclear) Euratom +

9 themes 1.Health 2.Food, Agriculture and Biotechnology 3.Information and Communication Technologies 4.Nanosciences, Nanotechnologies, Materials and new Production Technologies 5.Energy 6.Environment (including Climate Change) 7.Transport (including Aeronautics) 8.Socio-Economic Sciences and the Humanities 9.Security and Space Cooperation – Collaborative research

8. Socio-Economic Sciences and the Humanities 8. Socio-Economic Sciences and the Humanities Growth, employment and competitiveness in a knowledge society Combining economic, social and environmental objectives in a European perspective Combining economic, social and environmental objectives in a European perspective Major trends in society and their implications Europe in the world The citizen in the European Union Socio-economic and scientific indicators Foresight activities

What is new for SSH under FP7 Broad strategic research agenda Addresses challenges in medium and long term perspective (2013 and beyond) Greater role for culture and humanities A more systematic approach to SSH infrastructures Leaves a space for researchers to address challenges facing Europe not mentioned in the research programme Stresses international dimension of SSH Better integration of several formerly separate activities (coordination of national policies, international cooperation)

The changing role of knowledge, including different types of knowledge and competences, education, lifelong learning and intangible investment Economic structures, structural change and productivity issues Institutional and policy questions, including macro- economic policy, labour markets, institutional contexts, policy coherence and coordination. Growth, employment and competitiveness in a knowledge society Growth, employment and competitiveness in a knowledge society

How European socio-economic models and those outside Europe have fared in combining these objectives. Economic cohesion between regions and regional development in an enlarged EU, as well as social cohesion and its relation to social problems such as poverty, housing, crime, delinquency and drugs. Combining economic, social and environmental objectives in a European perspective Combining economic, social and environmental objectives in a European perspective

Demographic change including ageing, births and migration Lifestyles, families, work, consumption, health and quality of life Cultural interactions in an international perspective including traditions from different societies, diversity of populations, discrimination, racism… Major trends in society and their implications Major trends in society and their implications

Changing interactions and interdependencies (in areas like trade, finance, investment, migration, media, religions) between world regions and their implications for those regions, especially for the EU Causes and resolution of conflicts; relation between security and poverty, crime, environmental degradation and resources scarcity; terrorism; security-related policies and perceptions of insecurity Europe in the world

In the context of the future development of the EU, addressing the following issues Active participation by the peoples of Europe, European public sphere and media and democracy; governance, citizenship and rights European diversities and commonalities in cultures, institutions, history, languages, arts, religions and values The citizen in the European Union

The use of indicators in policy, their implementation and monitoring How evidence-based policy might be better supported by indicators and methods, for policy coordination and regulation Use of indicators for evaluation of research programmes, including impact assessment Socio-economic and scientific indicators

Foresight on key challenges and opportunities for the EU (e.g. ageing, migration…) Focussed thematic foresight in emerging research domains and cross-cutting domains Foresight on research systems, key actors and policies in the EU Mutual learning and cooperation between national and/or regional foresight, within the EU and internationally Foresight activities

Which instruments? Pursuit of ERA is still a major objective of the programme. Instruments should be adapted to purpose of each activity. « Huge » instruments like Networks of Excellence are not the solution per se but should be used if they really help the development of the ERA.

Conclusions 25 FP7 SSH programme is ambitious in its scope (research domains + types of activities) Budget proposal for SSH likely to be reduced from 792 to 607 M. euros. Work programme and first call expected by end of 2006.