Reproductive System Disorders SCRIBBLE PAD Reproductive System Disorders

Male infertility low sperm count damage to testes decreased hormone decreased mobility of sperm abnormally shaped sperm Check for: Semen volume – 2 mL Sperm count – 20 million per mL Sperm morphology – 15% normal forms Sperm motility – 50% grade “a” (fast progressive) or “b” (slow progressive)

Male infertility Cryptorchidism – undescended testicles Epididymitis – caused by infection or by the sexually transmitted disease chlamydia; bacteria in the urinary tract – produces scar tissue which blocks sperm Testicular Torsion – spermatic cord gets twisted; most often found in young males  Testicular Cancer – most often in men 15-40; more whites than blacks Variocele – swelling of vein that drains the testicle; will keep testicles from cooling sufficiently

Male infertility Other causes Nutrition (malnutrition or obesity) celiac disease (allergic to gluten) smoking, substance abuse sexual issues overheating emotional stress bicycling retrograde ejaculation (goes into bladder instead of out urethra)

Male disorders male pattern baldness prostate cancer genetic response to hormones at puberty decrease of hair follicles at top of the head prostate cancer erectile dysfuction

Female infertility damage to fallopian tubes hormonal causes cervical causes Premature Ovarian Failure Decreased Ovarian Reserve low quantity / quality of oocytes Endometriosis Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Female infertility ovarian cysts PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) can cause scarring and closure of oviducts STD or UTI

Female disorders cervical cancer breast cancer benign uterine tumors detected with yearly pap smear breast cancer benign uterine tumors composed of smooth muscle fibroids endometriosis endometrial tissue moves from uterus into peritoneal cavity causes lesions, internal bleeding, scar tissue formation

Sexually transmitted diseases gonorrhea infects vagina and urethra can lead to sterility in men can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease in women genital herpes herpes simplex 2 virus can be passed to baby during childbirth syphilis bacterial infection AIDS