© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Karl Byrand, University of Wisconsin-Sheboygan Contemporary Human Geography, 2e Lectures Chapter 6 Religion

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.1 Distributions of Religions Universalizing religion Attempts to have global appeal Ethnic religion Mostly appeals to one group living in one place.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.1 Distributions of Religions Universalizing religions Christianity Islam Buddhism

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.1 Distributions of Religions Ethnic religions Hinduism Other ethnic religions

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.1 Distributions of Religions. DISTRIBUTION OF RELIGIONS

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.1 Distributions of Religions ADHERENTS OF WORLD RELIGIONS

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.2 Geographic Branches of Religions Branch A large fundamental division within a religion Denomination Division of a branch that unites congregations into a single administrative body Sect Relatively small group that has broken from an established denomination.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.2 Geographic Branches of Religions Branches of Christianity Roman Catholicism Eastern Orthodoxy Protestantism

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.2 Geographic Branches of Religions CHRISTIAN PLACES OF WORSHIP

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.2 Geographic Branches of Religions Branches of Buddhism Theravada Mahayana

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.2 Geographic Branches of Religions BUDDHIST MONKS

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.2 Geographic Branches of Religions Deities in Hinduism Vaishnavism (Vishnu and Krishna) Sivaism (Siva) Shaktism (consorts of Vishnu and Siva)

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.2 Geographic Branches of Religions [insert Figure on this slide] HINDUISM

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.2 Geographic Branches of Religions Branches of Islam Sunni Shiite

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.2 Geographic Branches of Religions MUSLIM PLACES OF WORSHIP

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.3 Diversity of Universalizing Religions Other universalizing religions Sikhism Bahá’í

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.3 Diversity of Universalizing Religions Other Christian religions Coptic Church Armenian Church Maronites Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons)

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.3 Diversity of Universalizing Religions Distribution of US religions

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.3 Diversity of Universalizing Religions RELIGIONS OF THE UNITED STATES

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.3 Diversity of Universalizing Religions DISTRIBUTION OF CHRISTIANS IN THE UNITED STATES

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.4 Origins of Religions Ethnic religions have unknown origins. Hinduism

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.4 Origins of Religions HINDUISM’S UNKNOWN ORIGINS: MOUNT KAILĀS

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.4 Origins of Religions Universalizing religions have precise places of origin. Christianity

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.4 Origins of Religions ORIGIN OF CHRISTIANITY: CHURCH OF THE HOLY SEPULCHRE, JERUSALEM

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.4 Origins of Religions Universalizing religions have precise places of origin. Buddhism

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.4 Origins of Religions ORIGIN OF BUDDHISM: MAHABODHI TEMPLE, BODH GAYA

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.4 Origins of Religions Universalizing religions have precise places of origin. Islam

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.4 Origins of Religions ORIGIN OF ISLAM: AL-MASJID AL-NABAWI (MOSQUE OF THE PROPHET), MADINAH, SAUDI ARABIA

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.4 Origins of Religions Other universalizing religions Sikhism Bahá’í

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.5 Diffusion of Universalizing Religions Diffusion of Christianity Diffusion of Buddhism Diffusion of Islam Contagious diffusion Hierarchical diffusion

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.5 Diffusion of Universalizing Religions DIFFUSION OF UNIVERSALIZING RELIGIONS

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.5 Diffusion of Universalizing Religions Diffusion of other universalizing religions Bahá’í Sikhism

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.6 Holy Places in Universalizing Religions Christian churches HOLY PLACES IN CHRISTIANITY

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.6 Holy Places in Universalizing Religions Muslim holy cities Hajj (pilgrimage) Makkah al-Ka’ba al-Haram al-Sharif Madinah

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.6 Holy Places in Universalizing Religions HOLY PLACES IN ISLAM Holy places in Bahá’í

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.6 Holy Places in Universalizing Religions HOLY PLACES IN BAHA’I

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.6 Holy Places in Universalizing Religions Buddhist holy places HOLY PLACES IN BUDDHISM

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.6 Holy Places in Universalizing Religions Holy places in Sikhism HOLY PLACES IN SIKHISM

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.7 Ethnic Religions and the Landscape The Calendar in Judaism Lunar Monotheism Polytheism

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.7 Ethnic Religions and the Landscape JEWISH HOLIDAY OF SUKKOTH

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.7 Ethnic Religions and the Landscape Cosmology in Chinese ethnic religions Confucianism Confucius (551–479 B.C.) “li” Daoism Lao Zi (604–531 B.C.) “dao”

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.7 Ethnic Religions and the Landscape CONFUCIUS TEMPLE

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.7 Ethnic Religions and the Landscape Spirits in inanimate objects Animists AFRICAN ANIMIST RELIGIONS

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.7 Ethnic Religions and the Landscape Sacred space in Hinduism

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.7 Ethnic Religions and the Landscape SACRED SPACE IN HINDUISM

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.8 Religious Conflicts: Ireland Fundamentalism Literal interpretation and strict and intense adherence to the basic principles of a religion Northern Ireland and city of Belfast, UK Divided between Roman Catholics and Protestants Irish Republican Army (IRA) Ulster Defense Force (UDF)

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.8 Religious Conflicts: Ireland DISTRIBUTION OF PROTESTANTS IN IRELAND, 1911

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.8 Religious Conflicts: Ireland IRISH INDEPENDENCE

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.8 Religious Conflicts: Ireland DISTRIBUTION OF ROMAN CATHOLICS IN BELFAST, NORTHERN IRELAND

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.9 Religious Conflicts: The Middle East Israel/Palestine Jews, Muslims, and Christians have fought for control. Judaism—The Promised Land Christianity—Palestine Islam—Jerusalem

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.9 Religious Conflicts: The Middle East BOUNDARY CHANGES IN PALESTINE/ISRAEL

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.9 Religious Conflicts: The Middle East Palestinian perspectives Five groups of people consider themselves Palestinians. People living in the territories captured by Israel in 1967 Muslim citizens of Israel People who fled from Israel after Israel was created in 1948 People who fled from the occupied territories after the 1967 war Citizens of other countries who identify themselves as Palestinians

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.9 Religious Conflicts: The Middle East Israeli perspectives A minority surrounded by a hostile majority West Bank barrier

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.9 Religious Conflicts: The Middle East ISRAELI SETTLEMENT IN THE WEST BANK

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. 6.9 Religious Conflicts: The Middle East ISRAEL’S SEPARATION FENCE

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc Jerusalem: Contested Space Holy site for Judaism, Islam, Christianity OLD CITY OF JERUSALEM

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc Jerusalem: Contested Space Judaism’s Jerusalem Western (Wailing) Wall

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc Jerusalem: Contested Space JEWS PRAYING AT THE WESTERN WALL

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc Jerusalem: Contested Space Islam’s Jerusalem Dome of the Rock DOME OF THE ROCK

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc Jerusalem: Contested Space WESTERN WALL AND DOME OF THE ROCK

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter Review Key Questions Where are religions distributed? How do religions shape landscape? Where are territorial conflicts between religions?