Categorizing KidsCategorizing Kids  Understand youth and improving how we deal with kids in school.  Accept “truth” of dominant discourses  Assumptions about the categorizing of adolescence/youth  Understanding the constitution of youth in the postmodern era.

Hybridization  The process involves the breakdown of traditional ways of categorizing kids in the psychological /sociological science discourse.  It acknowledges the impact of agency the capacity for acting intentionally whereby kids are increasingly taking on the processes of self-constitution.  Teachers need to pay more attention to the wy kids construct themselves than traditional academic discourse.  The truths that increasingly challenged and outdated in the current political-social context.

Educators ConcernEducators Concern  Need to be more aware of kids live, hopes, fears, and the instabilities they face now and in the future.  Having concern of employment stability.  -Having a series of jobs that require frequent retraining.  -Having part-time jobs  -Being unemployed  Working odd hours  Worries about student loans  Safe sex  Safe recreational drugs

Globalization  Term became popular in the late 1980’s.  Describe a multifaceted historical process that has positive and negative consequences.  Includes: Economic, Cultural, Political, Ecological, Communication.  A host of transnational organizations drive globalization,  Intercultural communication becomes increasingly important.

Postmodern Era and Globalization  Allan Luke argues that new tools are needed to explain and understand “a set of new unprecedented historical phenomena and new “social facts” or globalized, multi- lingual/muti-cultural, post-fordist, post-everything cultures, economies and communities” that make the humanist theory of self, developmentalism behaviorism, cognitive theory and other theories obsolete.  He points out that program would be an afterthought based on some concepts of a universal human subject, who’s usually white, male, and middle class.

More Postmodern EraMore Postmodern Era  Societies have changed after WWII.  Fredric Jameson believes “that the emergence of postmodernism is closely related to the emergence of the new moment of late, consumer or multinational capitalism.  Change contributed to the postindustrial society under late capitalism, to a consumer society influenced and dominated by multinational corporations rather than nation states, to an interlinked globalized world that is characterized by media and technology.

Postmodern Feminist Perspectives  Challenges the “norms.”  Ignores the particular experiences of females and position adolescents as a single group whereby the female is subsumed under what have been mostly male norms.  Mica Nava- examines gender differences and argues that because adolescent females are more regulated and controlled. Nava considers that gender is as significant as social class in structuring how adolescent males and females experience youth and the processes in adulthood. 

Postmodern EraPostmodern Era  Youth cultures are emerging due to the impact of globalization.  Mass Media and informational technology, rather than simply as a result of the process of marginalization or alienation.  Giroux (1990) argues that new information and communication technologies, through emphasizing individualism, creates both a sense of alienation and of boredom with school which can no longer compete with such exciting technology.

Postmodern TechnologyPostmodern Technology  Through the impact of globalizing effects of information technology, postmodern marketing, consumerism and mas media, adolescent perceptions, expectations and experiences in many countries are linked and sometimes become homogenized such that a postmodern youth culture is, arguably emerging.  Contrary to the all-knowing teacher, and in the manner that threatens traditional lines of teacher authority, there is an unprecedented dilemma for many teachers when the kids probably know more about the informational technologies than most teachers.  

Questions and AnswersQuestions and Answers  How have the traditional academic notions been challenged in the globalization of education?  How are institutions, curricula, and educators who ignore this all risk irrelevance?  References:  Besley, A.C. (Tina) (2003), Giroux, H. A. (1998). Luke, A (2000), Lesko, N (1996), Nava, M. (1991)