High Middle Ages: The Rise of Trade, Towns and Cities

What happened to lead to the rise of trade, towns and cities? What happened to lead to the rise of trade, towns and cities? Crusades! (add bullet) Crusades! (add bullet) Changes in Farming Changes in Farming Commercial Revolution Commercial Revolution Rise of Trade, Towns & Cities

Changes in Farming A warmer climateA warmer climate meant more land to meant more land to farm farm Switch to horsepowerSwitch to horsepower Three-field system yields more food productionThree-field system yields more food production More food production = Bigger populationMore food production = Bigger population

Commercial Revolution 3 Changes:3 Changes: Development of GuildsDevelopment of Guilds Expansion of Trade/FairsExpansion of Trade/Fairs Development of Business and BankingDevelopment of Business and Banking

Development of Guilds Guild: organization of individuals in the same business working to improve economic and social conditions of membersGuild: organization of individuals in the same business working to improve economic and social conditions of members

Development of Guilds Pros:Pros: Set standards for quality of workSet standards for quality of work Set wagesSet wages Provided trainingProvided training Regulated working conditionsRegulated working conditions Provided support for membersProvided support for members Gave back to townGave back to town Cons:Cons: Set pricesSet prices No competitionNo competition

Development of Guilds Rules of a British Merchant Guild:Rules of a British Merchant Guild: No one in the city shall buy anything to sell again in the same city unless he is a member of the guildNo one in the city shall buy anything to sell again in the same city unless he is a member of the guild If anyone does so and is convicted, the goods he bought must be turned over to the kingIf anyone does so and is convicted, the goods he bought must be turned over to the king If any guildsman falls into poverty and is not able to work, he shall receive aid from the guildIf any guildsman falls into poverty and is not able to work, he shall receive aid from the guild No guild member ought to become a business partner with anyone who does not belong to the guildNo guild member ought to become a business partner with anyone who does not belong to the guild When a guildsman dies, all those who belong to the guild shall attend the service, and guildsmen shall carry the body to place of burialWhen a guildsman dies, all those who belong to the guild shall attend the service, and guildsmen shall carry the body to place of burial

Development of Guilds Apprentice System:Apprentice System: Apprentice: worked for master without pay to learn skillsApprentice: worked for master without pay to learn skills Journeyman: worked for daily pay; submitted work to master for approvalJourneyman: worked for daily pay; submitted work to master for approval Master: artisans who owned their own shop/tools and employed less- skilled workersMaster: artisans who owned their own shop/tools and employed less- skilled workers

Trade/Fairs Trade tookTrade took place in towns place in towns Fairs were held several times of year and last 4-6 weeksFairs were held several times of year and last 4-6 weeks Goods from all over the world were exchangedGoods from all over the world were exchanged

Business and Banking NeededNeeded common common medium medium of exchange of exchange Development of banking - “Banca” means money changers tableDevelopment of banking - “Banca” means money changers table Created capital: wealth earned, saved and investedCreated capital: wealth earned, saved and invested

Growth of Cities/Towns Resulted from:Resulted from: Serfs leaving the manor for opportunitiesSerfs leaving the manor for opportunities The revival of tradeThe revival of trade Strong monarchies to protectStrong monarchies to protect

Growth of Towns/Cities Developed:Developed: Beside well-traveled roads, near transfer points or waterwaysBeside well-traveled roads, near transfer points or waterways

Growth of Cities/Towns Conditions:Conditions: CrowdedCrowded FilthyFilthy Violent and noisyViolent and noisy

Impact of Commercial Revolution Rise of middle class leads to decline of FeudalismRise of middle class leads to decline of Feudalism Revival of trade leads to rapid spread of Black DeathRevival of trade leads to rapid spread of Black Death Revival of trade spawns revival of culture and learningRevival of trade spawns revival of culture and learning