The Industrial Revolution

Vocabulary Reconstruction: The period of time in American History after the Civil War when the south was rebuilt Industrialization: the process through which a country goes from a farming society to one that has factories, mass production, and bigger cities Agrarian Society: a group of people (a country) who’s economy and way of life is based on farming Efficient: Faster and better, taking less time to do/make something better. Manufacturing: the making of goods (stuff to buy) on a larger scale … factories. Freight: goods (stuff to buy) while being carried on a train, boat, or plane Titan: Important figure; dominant and/or famous individual.

The Civil War & Reconstruction The Civil War was fought from 1861-1865 It resulted in Union Victory meaning the United States would stay ONE nation After the Civil War there was an period of time called Reconstruction. During this period the Southern U.S. was rebuilt and forced to allow former slaves their freedom.

The Expansion of Industry During the late 1800s many inventions led to a changes to American life, business and society The industrial revolution was a period of time in U.S History when America went from an agrarian society to one that was more industrial (factories, faster transportation, machines, skyscrapers, etc)

Quick Quiz What was reconstruction? What is an Agrarian society? What was the industrial revolution?

Causes of Industrialization Q: How did The United States go from an agrarian society to an industrial society? A: The driving force behind the industrial revolution was new technology

Inventions & TECHNOLOGY

Tools & Technology Inventor/ Invention Use for Invention Eli Whitney/ Cotton Gin Separated cotton fibers and seeds – made it easier to make cotton ready for making clothes Alexander Graham Bell/ Telephone The telephone allowed for increased and easier communication and created more jobs for women.

Inventor/ Invention Use for Invention Thomas Edison/ Light Bulb Light bulbs made the work days longer because factories could stay open later; also extended leisure time Cyrus McCormick/ McCormick Reaper A mechanical crop harvester… saved time and allowed farms to be BIGGER

Inventor/ Invention Use for Invention Robert Fulton/ Steam Engine (train) Powered machines in factories to mass produce clothing and other goods; also used in railroads. Henry Bessemer/ Bessemer Process Made stronger steel. Steel is used to make skyscrapers and railroad tracks

First Drawing of Steam Engine

Quick Quiz What caused the Industrial Revolution? Explain the invention and use of the item they invented for each of the following people: Robert Fulton Eli Whitney Henry Bessemer Alexander Graham Bell Cyrus McCormick Thomas Edison

Effects of the Industrial Revolution Improved Transportation Taller & Stronger Buildings Big Business Pollution Dangerous conditions/Child Labor New Laws & Debates

Inventions Improve transportation Some inventions improved transportation like the Bessemer Process and The Steam Engine (Train) Without these two inventions transportation would not have improved during this time.

Transportation Iron tracks replaced w/ steel because steel was cheaper & faster Transportation improved and was made easier through increased railroads and steam ships. Efficient transportation is necessary to move freight and passengers quickly in order for the nation to become industrialized. Railroads expanded rapidly across the country during this period

Expansion of the Railroads

Railroad Boom Town

Promontory Point Was the spot where the railroads from the eastern US connected to railroads in the Western United States. Made cross-country “shipping” faster!

Promontory Point

Taller & Stronger Buildings The Brooklyn Bridge and The Flatiron building are symbols of the industrial revolution. Both made possible due to the invention of steel (Bessemer Process)

Big Business

Factories Samuel Slater – He is considered the inventor of the modern factory he is sometimes called the “father of the industrial revolution” Factories – Assembly lines and machines combined to make factories that made goods faster and more efficiently Mass production – Increase of factories led to mass production; making many of the same item at the same time.

Titans of Industry Andrew Carnegie – Steel John Rockefeller – Oil Cornelius Vanderbilt – Railroad These men were symbols of the huge increases of wealth gained during the industrial revolution. They became very rich and powerful. Maybe too powerful.

Andrew Carnegie Andrew Carnegie was one of the most famous businessmen of the industrial revolution He made lot of money in steel. largest steel-making plant He made a lot of money … but he also spent money on charity

John D. Rockefeller Founded Standard Oil Company. Merged with other companies to gain control of oil industry Ruthless businessman who tried to influence and control politicians.

Cornelius Vanderbilt Early investor in steamboats and rail travel Owned many railroad lines and became famous for his domination of the railroad industry Helped found Vanderbilt University

Pollution Pollution was also a problem as factories opened and natural resources (like coal & oil) were used for fuel.

Natural resources like oil were necessary to provide fuel for the industrial rev. However, sometimes the environment was damaged while the resources were taken from the earth. This Pennsylvania Oil field is an example

Dangerous Conditions & Child Labor Child labor (children working) was a problem in the industrial revolution as many children began working in dangerous factories to earn money Factory conditions for adults were also dangerous and workers were not often protected by the government.

New Laws & Debates

Sherman Anti-Trust Act To Deal with powerful companies congress passed this law in 1890 Its goal was to stop companies from abusing customers and taking advantage of people - It was too weak to be effective. Instead the law was misused to stop workers from forming unions

The Rise of Unions A Union is a group of workers trying to organize to improve conditions Workers tried to organize to make their lives better because their working conditions were bad and their pay was low Some Unions included The American Federation of Labor and The Industrial Workers of the World Most unions were not successful during this time because the government often took the side of big business

Homestead Strike - 1892 Workers refusing to work until they get improved conditions or pay is called a strike. This one turned violent and government troops were called to force the workers back to work.

Quick Quiz Fully explain each of the following effects of the industrial revolution Improved Transportation Taller & Stronger Buildings Big Business Pollution Dangerous conditions/Child Labor New Laws & Debates