1. Industrial Revolution

2. Journal and Essential Question Journal Prompt: What was industrialization? How can you see evidence of industrialization in our modern economy?

3. 10 wealthiest men in American history  http://www.forbes.com/2007/09/14/richest- americans-alltime- biz_cx_pw_as_0914ialltime_slide_11.html?thisSpee d=undefined http://www.forbes.com/2007/09/14/richest- americans-alltime- biz_cx_pw_as_0914ialltime_slide_11.html?thisSpee d=undefined

4. Early Industrialization- Where it all started  Industrial Revolution began in Britain => became the world’s leading industrial power.  Inventions and ideas that were developed in Britain were then taken to other parts of the world.  Inventions and ideas taken to North America by new immigrants who were settling the land => began the development of American industry.  Sam Slatter  Textile Mills become the foundation for American industry

5. Northern Textile Mills  Powered by water wheels  Mills located by streams  Worked by young women, especially immigrants  Demand for textiles led to increase of slavery in the south

8. Working Life  Mill girls were recruited from the farmlands, brought to Lowell  Lived in the boarding houses  Generally worked long hours for very little pay.  Harsh working conditions  Led to early labor movements, attempted unions amongst the girls.

9. Agricultural Industrialization  Demand to speed up and increase production  Cotton Gin

10. Eli Whitney Gun Rifle Factory

11. McCormick Reapers

12. John Deere

13. What did greater agricultural power lead to?  Workers could accomplish more on the farms with fewer people.  People moved to the cities for jobs, opportunity, wealth, etc.   URBANIZATION

14. Industrialism after the Civil War  Following the civil war the US was an rural, agricultural state. By 1920 it was the greatest industrial power in the world. Why?  Transportation revolution  Northern war economy spurred industrial growth  Scientific Innovation  Natural Resources in the USA  Invention led to invention  Governmental Support  HUGE change in business structure  First giant corporations  Urbanization

15. Transportation Revolution  Fulton Steamboats  Canals

16. Railroad 1830: 13 miles of track 1850: 9000 miles of track 1860: 31,000 miles of track Today: 233,000 miles of track Steam Engines

17. Transcontinental Railroad  Pacific Railway Act of 1862 – U.S. Government hired Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railway Company to extend railways across the United States.  Central Pacific – Started in Sacramento, CA  Union Pacific – Started in Omaha, NE  The 2 railroad companies met in Promontory, Utah to drive the “Golden Spike” on May 10, 1869  What were the implications of a nationwide rail line for industry and development?  Ex: Denver v. Cheyenne

18. The Railroad and the nation  New Towns and Markets  Farmers were upset that the railroads could monopolize and charge more to ship goods  Granger Laws  Mun v. Illinois  Interstate Commerce Act 1887  Government can control interstate trade

19. Scientific Innovation and Natural Resources  Bessemer Process  Electricity  Typewriter  Telephone  Oil  Coal  Iron Ore

20. Change in Business Structure  Mega Corporations and Monopolies  Carnegie-Steel  Rockefeller- Standard Oil Company  Vanderbilt: Railroads  J.P Morgan: Banking and Investments, holding companies  Business Structure  Investments  Vertical Integration: Control every aspect of the supply line- Carnegie, Wal-Mart  Horizontal Consolidation: Similar Companies merge  Trusts: Turn stocks over to trustees, who ran several small companies as one large company- Rockefeller Robber Barrons

21. Sherman Anti-Trust Act  1890  Forming trusts was illegal and interfered with free trade  First real attempt to regulate the economy

22. Labor in the Gilded Age  Exploited by long hours and harsh conditions  Poor pay  Average worker made approx. $0.22/hour  Around $200.00/ year  Immigrants  Child Labor  Unsafe conditions  Working poor represented huge portion of the US demographics