Drinking Alcohol Responsibly and Ending Tobacco Use

Alcohol and College Students Approximately 59.8% of students report having consumed an alcoholic beverage in the past 30 days. Of college students, 44% engage in binge drinking. Binge drinking- a pattern of drinking alcohol that brings blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0.08. Alcohol use among college students disrupts sleep, decreases alertness, and may affect academic performance. The average college student spends about $900 on alcohol each year. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

High-Risk Drinking and College Students Alcohol consumption is the number one cause of preventable death among undergraduate students. Alcohol exacerbates risk for suicide, automobile crashes, and falls. Customs and traditions encourage dangerous practices and patterns of alcohol use. Advertising and promotions target college students. College students are more likely to drink recklessly. Students are vulnerable to peer influence. Administrators often deny a problem exists. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

The Chemistry and Potency of Alcohol Ethyl Alcohol or Ethanol The intoxicating substance in all alcoholic beverages Fermentation Process Yeast organisms break down sugar. Distillation Alcohol vapors are released from the mash at high temperatures. Proof Measure of the percent alcohol 80 proof whiskey = 40% alcohol © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

What Is a Standard Drink? Standard Drink- is any drink that contains about 14 grams of pure alcohol. The actual size of a standard drink depends on the proof. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Absorption and Metabolism About 20% of absorption occurs in the stomach. About 80% of absorption occurs in the small intestine. Factors that influence absorption Concentration of the drink Amount consumed Food in the stomach Mood Weight and body mass © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) Ratio of alcohol to total blood volume The legal limit for BAC is 0.08%. Both breath analysis (breathalyzer tests) and urinalysis are used to determine whether an individual is legally intoxicated, but blood tests are more accurate. Learned behavioral tolerance—though BAC may be quite high, the individual has learned to modify his behavior to appear sober. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Alcohol and Your Health Short Term Effects of Alcohol Dehydration Hangover Alcohol and injuries Alcohol and sexual decision making Alcohol poisoning © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Alcohol and Your Health Long Term Effects Effects on Nervous System Cardiovascular Effects Liver Disease Cancer

Effects of Alcohol on the Body and Health © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Drinking and Driving Thirty-two percent of all traffic fatalities in 2008 were alcohol related. Many college students drink and drive. In 2009, there were 10,839 alcohol-impaired driving fatalities in the United States. This represents one alcohol-related fatality every 45 minutes. The likelihood of a driver being involved in a fatal crash rises significantly with a BAC of 0.05% and even more rapidly after 0.08%. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Alcohol use becomes alcohol abuse when it interferes with work, school, or social and family relationships or when it entails law violations, including DUI. Alcoholism or alcohol dependence occurs when alcohol use is so severe that stopping alcohol results in withdrawal symptoms. Identifying an Alcoholic Craving, loss of control, tolerance, psychological dependence, and withdrawal symptoms must be present to qualify a drinker as an addict. About 15% of people in the United States are problem drinkers. One study shows that 19% of college students meet the criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Alcohol and Prescription Drug Abuse Young adults aged 18 to 24 are at most risk for concurrent or simultaneous abuse of both alcohol and drugs. Alcohol and prescription drugs taken together can cause Alcohol poisoning Unconsciousness Respiratory depression Death Opioids, stimulants, sedatives, and sleeping aids are most often combined with alcohol. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Tobacco Use in the United States Nearly 443,000 Americans die annually of tobacco-related diseases. Another 10 million suffer tobacco-induced health disorders. Tobacco causes about 25 diseases, and about half of all regular smokers die of smoking-related diseases. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Tobacco and Its Effects Nicotine Highly addictive, psychoactive substance CNS stimulant Tar and Carbon Monoxide Tar is the carcinogenic particulate matter. Nicotine paralyzes cilia, which become unable to clear out tar. Carbon monoxide is a deadly gas that reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells. Tobacco Addiction Nicotine poisoning © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Tobacco Products Cigarettes Cigars Smokeless tobacco Switching to low-tar or low-nicotine is self-defeating because the smoker may smoke more. Clove cigarettes contain 60% tobacco. Cigars Contain 23 poisons and 43 carcinogens. Smokeless tobacco Chewing tobacco Snuff © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Health Hazards of Tobacco Products - Cancer Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. It can take 10-30 years to develop and most cases are not diagnosed until the cancer has spread. Five year survival rate is only 16%. Smoking just one cigar a day can double the risk of oral cancers. Chewing tobacco is responsible for 75% of new oral cancers. Warning signs include lumps in the jaw or neck, color changes or lumps inside the lips, white smooth or scaly patches in the mouth or neck, lips or tongue; a red spot or sore on the lips, gums, or inside the mouth that does not heal in 2 weeks. Other tobacco-induced cancers: pancreatic, kidney, bladder, lip, tongue, esophagus, and larynx © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Effects of Smoking on the Body and Health © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Health Hazards of Tobacco Products – Cardiovascular Disease Smokers have a 70% higher death rate from heart disease than do non-smokers. Daily cigar smoking doubles the risk of heart attack and stroke. Bidi smokers are at the same risk. Smokers are twice as likely to suffer strokes. Quitting reduces risk by half after only 1 year. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Other Health Hazards of Tobacco Products Respiratory Disorders Chronic bronchitis Emphysema Sexual Dysfunction and Fertility Problems Males are twice as likely to suffer impotence as are females. Women are likely to suffer infertility and problems with pregnancy. Other Health Effects Gum disease, macular degeneration, premature skin wrinkling, and risk of Alzheimer's disease Metabolism of drugs affected © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Mainstream—smoke drawn through tobacco while inhaling Sidestream—smoke from the burning end of a cigarette or smoke exhaled by a smoker Contains twice as much tar and nicotine, 5 times more carbon monoxide, and 50 times more ammonia than mainstream smoke. Causes more deaths a year than any other environmental pollutant. Every year, ETS is estimated to be responsible for 3,400 lung cancer deaths, 46,000 coronary and heart disease deaths, and 430 SIDs deaths in newborns. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Proposed New Cigarette Product Warning Labels © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Breaking the Nicotine Addiction Quitting Smoking Breaking the Nicotine Addiction Seventy percent attempt to quit a year Only between 4 and 7% succeed Nicotine Replacement Products Nicotine chewing gum Nicotine patch Nicotine nasal spray Nicotine inhaler Nicotine lozenges © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

When Smokers Quit © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Breaking the Smoking Habit Quitting Smoking Breaking the Smoking Habit Operant conditioning Self-control therapy Benefits of Quitting Many tissues will repair themselves, according to the American Cancer Society. Gain more energy, sleep better, and feel more alert Women less likely to bear babies with low birth weight Can save about $1,991.92 per year © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.