AIR SPACE Airspace and Airports

Canada’s Airspace CANADA’S AIRSPACE Flight Information Regions Domestic airspace Sparsely Settled Areas Altimeter Regions Air Defense Identification Zones High and Low Level Airspace Classification of Canadian Airspace

FLIGHT INFORMATION REGIONS (FIR)

CANADA’S AIRSPACE All airspace over Canadian landmass, Canadian Arctic, Canadian Archipelago, and the High Seas areas within that airspace Air space is divided -geographically (horizontally) and -vertically

COMPASS ERRORS all airspace ANDS Northerly turning error sluggish in North quadrant headings lively in South quadrant no turning error on West or East headings

CANADIAN DOMESTIC AIRSPACE

NORTHERN DOMESTIC AIRSPACE Magnetic North Pole near centre of NDA Erratic magnetic compass readings All headings are TRUE Sparsely settled area

SOUTHERN DOMESTIC AIRSPACE All headings are MAGNETIC

Standard Pressure Region 29.92” ALTIMETER REGIONS Standard Pressure Region 29.92” - All airspace above 18,000’ - Altitude is called “Flight Level” - Northern Canada Altimeter Setting Region Station pressure - Southern Canada below 18,000’ - for departure, enroute, arrival

ALTIMETER REGIONS

DESIGNATED MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS

AIR DEFENCE IDENTIFICATION ZONE ADIZ PURPOSE IFR or DVFR flight plan filed with ATC or the Northern Warning System No deviation from flight plan Must include estimated time of penetration Functioning two-way radio required +20 NM or +5 minutes tolerances Notify ATC immediately of any changes

AIR DEFENCE IDENTIFICATION ZONE - ADIZ

All airspace above the low level airspace HIGH LEVEL AIRSPACE All airspace above the low level airspace LOW LEVEL AIRSPACE From the ground up to but not including 18,000’ ASL or the base of the High Level Airspace

HIGH LEVEL AIRSPACE

HIGH LEVEL AIRSPACE

LOW LEVEL CONTROLLED AIRSPACE Control Zones - 3, 5, 7 NM radius - ground to 3000’ (AGL) Transition Area - defined dimensions - 700’ AGL to base of overlying airspace - normally 15 NM radius of airport Terminal Control Area - around busy airports to facilitate IFR control - 45 NM radius1200/2200 AGL Control Area Extension - around a high volume airport to facilitate IFR control - dimensions determined by requirements

LOW LEVEL AIRWAYS From 2,200’ AGL up to but not including 18,000’ ASL

LOW LEVEL CONTROLLED AIRSPACE

AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION Seven Classifications: A to G Classification governs flight rules in that airspace Specific information on a given airspace is supplemented in the VFR Nav Chart and Canada Flight Supplement Classification is related to: traffic density, speed, use of airspace

Class G Airspace Uncontrolled airspace ATC has NO authority or responsibility ATC may provide an information service SD Airspace: surface up to 18,000’ ASL or the base of any other class of airspace ND Airspace: surface up to the base of the high level airspace

Class F Airspace Has defined dimensions May have periods of validity May be controlled, uncontrolled, or a combination of both Special use airspace: -Advisory (A) -Restricted (R)

Class F Airspace CYA113(A) CY – Canada A – Alert R – Restricted D – Danger (international waters) 113 – area locator A – aerobatic F – aircraft test H – hang gliding M – military ops P – parachuting S – soaring T - training

Class F Airspace

Class F Airspace Advisory Airspace: -non-participating pilots should be aware of it -no specific restriction, however -encouraged to avoid -exercise extra vigilance Restricted Airspace: -do not enter without permission Niagara Falls

Class E Airspace Where there is a need for controlled airspace other than A, B, C or D IFR clx, VFR Includes all Low Level Airways below 12,500 Includes all airspace above FL600 Can include control zones Includes control area extensions and transition zones Control Zones, QA, PQ / LL Airways

Class E Airspace

Control Area Extension – class E

Class E Airspace

Class D Airspace IFR - clearance required VFR - must establish radio comm with ATC prior to entry into class D airspace (must obtain clx prior to entry) Maintain VFR at all times, maintain separation from other traffic and obstacles Radio required, comm failure procedures Must comply with ATC clx and instructions Reverts to class E if ATC is not available Tower Control Zones (CYKZ, CYOO, CYTZ)

CLASS D

Class C Airspace IFR clx, VFR clx Must obtain clx prior to entry Maintain VFR at all times, maintain separation from other traffic and obstacles ATC provides separation to IFR and as necessary to VFR aircraft Radio required, comm failure procedures Mode C transponder required Reverts to Class E if ATC is not available Terminal Control Areas, TRSA, CYYZ Zone

CLASS C Zone and TCA

Must obtain clx prior to entry ATC provides separation to IFR and CVFR Class B Airspace IFR clx, VFR clx (CVFR) Must obtain clx prior to entry ATC provides separation to IFR and CVFR Controlled airspace 12,500’ to 18,000’ on airways and airspace so designated CVFR – no special endorsements VFR at all times Flight plan, radio, Mode C transponder

Class B Airspace above the E

Low Level Airways VOR or Victor Airways (V194) Based at 2200’ AGL Up to 12,500’ASL = Class E airway AND 12,500’ to 18,000’ ASL = Class B airway VFR on airway below 12,500’, not subject to ATC control

Class A Airspace IFR clx, No VFR 18,000’ (NCA FL230, ACA FL280) up to FL600 Require mode C transponder

HIGH LEVEL AIRSPACE Class A Airspace

SPECIAL PURPOSE AIRSPACE Special purposes airspace May also designate an airspace for the purposes of: - protecting an existing structure - any other surface based activity May be declared via NOTAM Air shows, Olympics, prisons, forest fires – 5 NM/3000’ AGL

Transponder Airspace

IFR & VFR SUMMARY