Sex Education YouTube - PPPVVV

Male Reproduction Puberty – the stage of growth and development when the body becomes capable of producing offspring Male’s pituitary gland increases it production of LH, hormone that travels through bloodstream to testes, causing it to secrete Testosterone Testosterone – hormone that produces male secondary sex characteristics Physical and emotional changes that occur during puberty (ages 12-15)

Male Reproductive System Consists of organs in the male body that are involved in producing offspring External Organs: Penis: Male sex organ used for reproduction and urination Scrotum: A sac-like pouch that holds the testes and helps regulate their temperature Hangs lower then the body so sperm can be produced Testes: Male reproductive glands that produce sperm cells and testosterone Sperm: Male reproductive cells

Male Reproduction System Internal Male Reproductive Organs: Testes Seminiferous Tubules Epididymis Vas Deferens Seminal Vesicles Ejaculatory Duct Prostate Gland Cowper’s Glands Urethra

Sperm Production Seminiferous Tubules – network of coiled tubules in which sperm are produced Spermatogenesis – Process by which sperm are produced After sperm are produced in the seminiferous tubules, they move to the epididymis Epididymis – comma-shaped structure along the upper rear surface of the testes where sperm mature Some sperm are stored here Most move to the vas deferens after they mature

Male Reproduction System Vas Deferens – two long, thin tubes that act as a passageway for sperm and a place for sperm storage Extend from the epididymis and the scrotum up into the abdomen The walls are lines with cilia, which help transport sperm when the walls are contracting Form part of the ejaculatory duct with the seminal vesicles

Male Reproduction Seminal Vesicles – 2 small glands that secrete a fluid rich in sugar that nourishes sperm and helps them move Ejaculatory Duct – short, straight tube that passes into the prostate gland and opens into the urethra Urethra – serves as a passageway for sperm and urine to leave the body

Male Reproduction Prostate Gland – a gland that produces a fluid that helps keep sperm alive Located beneath the bladder and surrounds the urethra Necessary for fertilization to keep sperm alive Cowper’s Glands – located beneath the prostate gland Two small glands that secrete a clear, lubrication fluid into the urethra

Male Reproduction Erection – process that occurs when the penis swells with blood and elongates may be accompanied by an ejaculation Ejaculation – the passage of semen from the penis and is a result of a series of muscular contractions Semen – the fluid that contains the sperm and fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and Cowper’s glands

Male Reproductive Health Circumcision – the surgical removal of the foreskin from the penis Foreskin – skin covering the end of the penis Usually performed on the second day after birth May reduce the risk of urinary infections and cancer of the penis Smegma – substance that forms under the foreskin consisting of dead skin and other fluids

Male Reproductive Health Rectal Examination – rectum an internal reproductive organs are examined for irregularities Recommended for males over 40 regularly Testicular Examination – screening procedure for testicular cancer High rate of cure if detected early Should begin at early age

Problems Associated with the Male Reproductive System

Inguinal Hernia DEF: when part of an organ pushes through the inguinal canal due to weakness or a tear. REASONS: heavy lifting Surgery can correct this.

Sterility DEF: A person cannot reproduce. REASONS: Too few or poor sperm are produced. Exposure to x-rays, radiation, and lead. Temp. changes, certain chemicals, smoking, certain STD’s, malfunction of the Testes. Normal: 20-150 mil/mL

Prostatitis DEF: inflammation of the prostate that can affect males of all ages. EFFECTS: fever and chills, pain in the pelvic region, urination difficulties, and pain before or during ejaculation. TREATMENTS: antibiotics.

Enlarged Prostate CAUSES: infections, tumor, old age. EFFECTS: tends to squeeze the urethra, resulting in difficulty of urination. TREATMENTS: watch and wait, medications, and surgery to remove excess tissue.

Cancer of the Prostate Usually occurs in older males (40 & up). Third most common cause of death from cancer. Early detection is important in order to localize the cancer in the gland. Treatments include surgery, or radiation treatment and hormone therapy.

Cancer of the Testes Most common cancer in men aged 15-35. Symptoms include enlargement of the gland, dull ache in the lower abdomen and groin, hard lumps on the testes. Possible spreading to various body parts. Diagnosis: blood test, ultrasound, x-ray TREATMENT: individualized (dependent on the stage of the cancer), so it can use a combination of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. CASTRATION:The removal of the testes

Female Reproductive System

Female Reproductive System Consists of organs in the female body that are involved in producing offspring External Female Reproductive Organs: Vulva Mons Veneris Labia Majora Labia Minora Clitoris Hymen

Female Reproduction Mons Veneris – the fatty tissue that covers the front of the pubic bone and serves as protection for internal reproductive organs Labia Majora – heavy folds of skin that surround the opening of the vagina

External Female Reproductive Organs Labia Minora – Two smaller folds of skin located within the labia majora The clitoris and the opening of the urethra and the vagina are located within the labia minora Clitoris – small, highly sensitive structure located above the opening of the urethra Richly supplied with blood vessels and nerve endings Hymen – A thin membrane that stretches across the opening of the vagina

Internal Female Reproductive Organs Ovaries Fallopian Tubes Uterus Vagina

Internal Female Reproductive Organs Ovaries – female reproductive glands that produce ova and estrogen Females born with between 200,000 and 400,000 immature ova in the ovaries – about 375 of these ova will mature and be released in a female’s lifetime Ova begin to develop during puberty (each contained in follicle) Ovum matured and released every month from its follicle during the menstrual cycle Ovulation – the release of a mature ovum from one of the ovaries

Internal Female Reproductive Organs When an ovum is released from an ovary, it enters one of the fallopian tubes Fallopian Tube – a tube four inches long that connects an ovary to the uterus Females have 2 fallopian tubes: one connected to each ovary A mature ovum moves through a fallopian tube to the uterus during the menstrual cycle Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes An ovum that is not fertilized disintegrates in the uterus or leaves the body during menstrual flow Uterus – muscular organ that receives and supports the fertilized egg during pregnancy and contracts during childbirth to help with delivery

Internal Female Reproductive Organs Cervix – the lowest part of the uterus and connects the uterus to the vagina Vagina – Muscular tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body The Vagina serves as: The female organ for sexual intercourse The birth canal The passageway for the menstrual flow

PMS Distressing physical or emotional symptoms that occur during the second half of the menstrual cycle Prior to menstruation. Symptoms: headache, bloating, cramps, irritability, weight gain, nausea, breast tenderness, acne flare ups. Treatment/prevention: exercise, diet, medicine.

MENSTRUATION MENARCHE: first menstruation MENSES: contractions of the uterus to expel the endometrium (blood, tissue, nutrients). AMENNORHEA: absence of menstruation. DYSMENORHEA: severe and frequent menstrual cramps.

PREGNANCY PROBLEMS ECTOPIC: the zygote attaches in an abnormal location, usually in the fallopian tube. 2% 1 IN 2500 DIE (mother) MOLAR: early placenta develops into mass of cysts, and the embryo develops improperly. 1 in 1000 pregnancy, usually results in a miscarriage.

SURGICAL PROCEDURES HYSTERECTOMY: Removal of the uterus. Sometimes ovaries, fallopian tubes, and cervix. TUBAL LIGATION: cutting and sealing of the fallopian tubes (B.C.)

Female Reproductive Health Pap Smear- Yearly examination of the cervix by an OB-GYN (starting at age 18 or the start of sexual intercourse) Gardasil- Vaccine that may help guard against diseases that are caused by HPV, which include cervical cancer, cervical abnormalities and genital warts. (3 injections over 6 months) Mammograms- x-rays of the breast tissue to detect pre-cancerous or cancerous cells (yearly starting at 40; Self-examinations monthly after a woman’s period.)