PSWE Promotion of cycling as a public transport mode (from an NGO point of view) Gdańsk, 8th May 2008 Dr Piotr Kuropatwiński

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 2 AGENDA Author’s profile Perception of cycling Dilemmas of urban cycling policy Cycling and public transport – carrying and/or parking Principal challenges

PSWE Author’s profile

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 4 AUTHOR’S PROFILE Dr of economics (specialised i.a. in economics of transition and change management strategies) Dr Piotr Kuropatwiński  Pomeranian Association Common Europe  Polish Ecological Club (East Pomeranian Branch)  University of Gdańsk Department of Economic Policy Attended 5 Velocity congresses on cycle planning (Graz-Maribor, Edinburgh-Glasgow, Paris, Dublin, Munich) Member of the Steering Committee of the Gdansk Cycling Investment and Promotion Project Responsible for preparation of the Pomeranian Cycling Strategy One of the first five certified BYPAD auditors in Poland (Bicycle Policy Audit recognised by the European Cyclists Federation)

PSWE Perception of cycling

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 6 sport and not tranSPORT Marginally important Unsafe and risky (for pedestrians and decent motorists) recreational gadget Should be kept off the carriageways Costly (low benefit to cost ratios) Vehicle for the poor no-hopers Increases in cycling levels will be achieved only at the expense of walking traffic

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 7 CHANGING PERCEPTION OF CYCLING IN EUROPE Cycling is irrelevant for urban transport (like walking…) Cycling as recreation acceptable Cycling and cyclists a problem Cycling (an irrelevant part of the solution) but cyclists a nuisance Cycling and cyclists invited to solve the problem(s)

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 8 URBAN PROBLEMS THAT CYCLING HELPS TO SOLVE Congestion/envir. pollution/noise Lack of car parking spaces Traffic safety/ public security Social exclusion Urban sprawl Civilisational diseases resulting from a sedentary life style

PSWE Dilemmas of urban cycling policies

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 10 WHAT SHOULD WE STRIVE TO MAXIMISE? Length of dedicated cycling routes in km No. of supporters of cycling network construction (no. of those who vote for „us”?) Share of cycling trips in the modal split? Number of people who understand the sense of sustainable urban mobility policies that include not only honey but also vinegar, make reasonable transport choices and house location decisions?

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 11 WHOSE „SPACE” DO WE USE CREATING CYCLING FACILITIES The users of: walkways? carriageways? car parking places? green areas? areas used for other purposes?

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 12 PRIORITIES ? Build dedicated cycle tracks (separated from all other traffic)? Take into account the interests of pedestrians and cyclists at all transport and hydrotechnical investment projects ? Improve ways of overcoming the ‘barrier effect’ of fast/intensive road traffic for non-motorised users ? Audit the cycling infrastructure and policy with the participation of daily cyclists and certified cycling policy auditors ?

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 13 CONCLUSIONS maximise the number of people understanding the use of honey and vinegar measures for various transport options and infrastructure decisions Use resources for audit, promotion and construction of key elements of infrastructure for non-motorised users and not only for the construction of dedicated cycle routes

PSWE Cycling and public transport – carrying

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 15 Buses Local trains Long distance trains commuters and promotion but subject to European restrictions (in USA very popular and financed partially from public funds) commuters and recreational users valuable cycling tourists: (*) above average incomes (*) above average education (*) above average spending in local economy BIKES ON BOARD

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 16 BIKE&RIDE FACILITIES Reduce the risk of theft May be financed from Park&Ride fees Anchor the traffic calmed, non-motorised traffic zone Promote sustainable urban transport plans Attract European funding

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 17 BIKE&RIDE FACILITIES IN AND NEAR MUNICH Munich (in 04/2005) Region (in 12/2002 ) Total No. of B&R stands in and around Munich TOTAL PLANNED CURRENT

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE CYCLE STATIONS IN NRW 1/2 Hamm Münster Gütersloh

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE CYCLE STATIONS IN NRW 2/2 Currently in Germany there are 69 cycle stations => 52 are located in NRW They offer 16,400 auarded and weather-proof cycle parking stands (

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE CYCLE STATIONS IN PADUA (ITALY), 350,000 INHABITANTS

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 21 General level of cycle traffic in comparison to commuters to rail stations Bike journeys as % all trips TOTAL UK HollandDenmark UK aim to %1% 10 % 8%8% 2%2% 18%18% 22 % 32 % 27 % TO STATION

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 22 AVERAGE NO. OF KM TRANSFERRED FROM OTHER TRANSPORT MODES FOR VARIOUS SERVICES Average annual no. of km for each service

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 23 FREE GUARDED CYCLE PARKING FACILITIES offered in Apeldoorn (NL) since1998 Quantitative aim: + 30% Other goals: Alternative for carsElimination of abandoned bikesReduction of theftLess acidents caused by the drunk

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 24 RESULTS AFTER TWO YEARS Increase in use by 120%21% less abandoned bikes25% less cases of cycle theft 11% changes from cars to bicyclesinsufficient no. of places in 2 locations Parked Bikes X 1000

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 25 Serviced by subsidised workers – formerly unemployed FINANCING Annual cost about € 200,000 Financed from car parking revenues

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 26 POTENTIAL OF THE B&R IN THE TRICITY WALKING BIKE RIDE

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 27 PUBLIC BIKE SYSTEMS Increasingly popular in former low-cycling countries (e.g. France, Spain, Luxemburg) Often managed by street furniture and advertising companies (e.g. JCDecaux, ClearChannel, DBahn) Quality of management of utmost importance bicycles in Lyon (F)

PSWE Principal challenges

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 29 Over-protective, uncertainty avoidance attitudes among traffic planners preventing innovation Insufficient experience in partnership co-operation among NGOs and public transport operators Low level of trust and short – term attitudes MENTAL BARRIERS

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 30 RECOMMENDATIONS Learn from a plethora of internet and IT sources ( Nominate a cycling officer (with an NGO experience) Take part in a Velocity congress (Brussels, May 2009) Visit a cycle friendly agglomeration Initate a BYPAD process

PSWE Thank you for your kind attention

COPYRIGHT © 2007 PSWE – WSZELKIE PRAWA ZASTRZEŻONE 32 THIS PRESENTATION WAS PREPARED BY : ANDRZEJ B. PIOTROWICZ NAME : MOBILE: Dr PIOTR KUROPATWIŃSKI