b The Future of Transportation Melanie Zauscher SIO 209

MZ-2 Future of Transportation Technologies  Maglev  Bus Rapid Transport Zero-Fare Transport  Hasselt, Belgium  Paris Bicycle Program Shipping

MZ-3 Introduction In developing countries, demand for private vehicles is outpacing the supply of infrastructure Global transport energy use is forecast to increase 2% per year Goods transport uses 35% of all transport energy Ribeiro, Kahn (2007) Transport and its Infrastructure. In Climate Change 2007: Mitigation, Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report for IPCC. Cambridge University Press

MZ-4 Introduction Ribeiro, Kahn (2007) Transport and its Infrastructure. In Climate Change 2007: Mitigation, Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report for IPCC. Cambridge University Press

MZ-5 Maglev Trains Powered by electromagnetic force  not compatible with traditional train infrastructure  low energy consumption and maintenance Potentially faster than traditional trains  fastest recorded speed is 361 mph Higher cost per mile, but can climb up 10% gradient making it economically feasible sometimes James, Alan (2006) The Engineer. 293, 16 Yan, Luguang (2004) IEEE Trans on Applied Superconductivity. Vol. 14, No. 2

MZ-6 Maglev Trains Only current high-speed commercial Maglev is in Shanghai, China  operational since 2003  18.6 miles to airport at 150 mph in 7.2 minutes Work is underway to extend line 812 miles from Shanghai to Beijing  only a 3-hour trip (half the distance between LA & SF)! James, Alan (2006) “Magnetic Attraction”. The Engineer. 293, 16 Yan, Luguang (2004) IEEE Trans on Applied Superconductivity. Vol. 14, No. 2

MZ-7 Bus Rapid Transit High-capacity buses running on dedicated lanes  convenient off-board payment collection  buses are easy and quick to board  service is frequent and reliable BRT should be implemented in conjunction with other planning measures Patankar, Vaishali (2007), J. Urban Plng. and Devel., Volume 133, Issue 2

MZ-8 Bus Rapid Transit Lower capital and operating costs  Cost per mile comparison from LA: subway $258M light rail $44M BRT $24M San Diego is preparing for BRT  Escondido to Downtown via I-15  Fully completed in 2012, but in phases beginning 2008 Patankar, Vaishali (2007), J. Urban Plng. and Devel., Volume 133, Issue 2 l

MZ-9 Zero-Fare Transport Funded by other means than a transport fare  taxes or corporate sponsorships Ferries, buses, shuttles, bike programs Provider has incentives to:  reduce air pollution and congestion  service their customers, employees, or students  save $$ by not building or having to maintain bridges, parking, and streets Examples  National parks, ski resorts, college campuses, downtown areas, and whole towns! Olson, Dave (2007) The Tyee. “No Hassle Transit? Try Hasselt” 10/7/07

MZ-10 Hasselt, Belgium

MZ-11 Hasselt, Belgium Between , population rose 3%, but number of cars 25% 70,000 residents and 300,000 commuters Improved bus system along with pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure first Zero-fare started in 1997 Can borrow a bicycle, tandem, scooter, wheelchair, stroller for free Saved millions of Euros on transportation infrastructure costs Olson, Dave (2007) The Tyee. “No Hassle Transit? Try Hasselt” 10/7/07

MZ-12 Paris Bicycle Program

MZ-13 Paris Bicycle Program Paris got the bikes in exchange for exclusive rights to billboards in the city For a weekly or yearly fee, users can ride bikes for free up to 30 minutes Over 10,000 bikes in over 750 locations! In 2 months 3.7 million rides! Goal was to reduce air pollution and traffic Successful because this is one of several modes of transit available in Paris

MZ-14 Shipping ~90% of global merchandise is transported by sea Because of the bottom line, shipping companies are more conscious of energy efficiency As economic growth and integration continues, shipping will continue to increase Last unregulated source of air pollution Ribeiro, Kahn (2007) Transport and its Infrastructure. In Climate Change 2007: Mitigation, Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report for IPCC. Cambridge University Press

MZ-15 Shipping Eyring, V. (2004). Emissions from international shipping: 2 Impact of future technologies on scenarios until Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol 110

MZ-16 Port of LA Largest port in the country Have a 5 year plan to reduce 45% of air pollution  Replace or retrofit 16,000 trucks  Alternative Maritime Power Program plug-in to grid instead of running on diesel power when docked available since 2004 and growing ships must be retrofitted to AMP specifications  Have a RPF out for zero emissions container mover systems maglev blimp

MZ-17 So, what will be the future of transportation? Why do we prefer to buy something from across the world?

MZ-18 Bonus: real or science fiction? M200G volantor by Moller International 2 passenger Flies 10 feet off the ground, avoiding FAA regulation Up to 50 mph $90,000 to $125,000 Flying car

MZ-19 Bonus: real or science fiction? Aerocraft Not a blimp  not filled with gas lighter than air Built for luxury Flying cruise ship d.html?s_prop18=whatsnew