Unit 10- Age of Oil-BLACK GOLD!!! Texas History Bonham Middle School 2013-2014

Table of Contents Defining Characteristics Political Impact of Oil Social Impact 0f Oil Economic Impact of Oil Farming Populism Progressive Women’s Suffrage Agrarian Groups Labor Unions Civil Rights Movement

Defining Characteristics Hurricane of 1900 Spindletop Populism Progressive Era Texas Railroad Commission James Hogg Growth of urban areas Women’s Suffrage Temperance Movement Prohibition World War I

Political Impact of Oil Involvement of the Texas Railroad Commission set limits to regulate and control oil prices

Social Impact 0f Oil Growth of cities and rise of boomtowns Increased jobs and oil-related services Development of other parts of the state Growth of automobile industry

Improved the standard of living in Texas Economic Impact of Oil Improved the standard of living in Texas

Farming Reconstruction to Progressive Era Agriculture was the leading industry in Texas Expansion of urban areas created demand of agricultural products The value of agricultural products increased Farmers continued to increase the production of agricultural products Farmers began to organize and machines were used to produce goods faster and more efficiently Prices began to drop because there were too many agricultural products on the market

Populism Populism – Nationwide movement of rural citizens who had not benefited from the modern lifestyle made by the growth in industry Goal in Texas – Wanted the government of the people to protect the interests of common workers Farmer’s Alliance (farmers, ranchers, and farm laborers) spread throughout South Texas forming their own party in 1892. They called themselves the People’s Party or Populist Party Demanded government regulation of businesses; public ownership of the railroads, telephone, and telegraph lines; and elimination of the national banking system Called for labor reform, a graduated income tax, and the direct election of U.S. Senators (17th Amendment 1913) Supported the creation of public warehouses where farmers could store their excess crops until prices increased Won some elections in 1892 and 1894 at the state level but movement faded after 1896 because the Democratic Party began to adopt many of the Populists’ ideas.

Progressive Legislative reforms were passed in the areas of labor, child labor, education, prisons, banking, and public safety. These reforms continue protecting Texans. Most reforms ignored minorities

Women’s Suffrage 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote in the United States. The Texas Equal Suffrage Association supported and campaigned for the passage of this amendment

Agrarian Groups Grange The Grange or Patrons of Husbandry organized in Texas in 1873. Offered cooperation in business, happier home lives, more social contacts, and better educational opportunities

Labor Unions Texas Farmers Union 1902 – A small newspaper editor from Point organized this Union after the failure of the Populists’ Party. They were active in agricultural and rural public policies

Civil Rights Movement Turn of the 20th Century – grew out of the Temperance Movement Early 1900s – Chapters of the Texas Women’s Suffrage Movement were formed in major Texas cities 1929 – League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) was formed in Corpus Christi to support the rights for Spanish- speaking people The Texas Equal Suffrage Association supported and campaigned for the passage of this amendment. August 18, 1920 – 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote in the United States. 1920s – Jane McCallum was a member of the "Petticoat Lobby," which worked for education, prison reform, prohibition, mother and child health, literacy, and the elimination of child labor. She was appointed as Secretary of State under Governor Dan Moody