Amy Allen Jenn Palm Edwin Porrata Crystal Whitley

Authors: Brian C. Leutholtz, PHD Journal Title: Physical Medical Rehabilitation Date, Volume & Pages: January 1995 p65-p69

 explore effects of exercise intensity on body composition of obese subjects during severe caloric restriction.

 40 subjects (33 women and 7 men)  12 week supplemented fasting program  Randomly assigned to high or low intensity group  Bruce Protocol was used ◦ Measured heart rate and blood pressure ◦ RPE was recorded, distance, time, and heart rate

 Significant reduction in body weight was associated with decreased body fat after weight loss regimen.  No significant loss of lean body mass  Relative VO2 max improved  Resting heart rate and blood pressure significantly lowered

 No significant difference in benefits between high and low intensity workouts

Using Self-Efficacy and a Transtheoretical Model to develop a Physical Activity Intervention for Obese Women Authors: Cindy Byfield, PhD, RD; Jennifer Anderson, PhD, Rd Journal Title: American Journal of Health Promotion Date, Volume & Pages: 2003; 17:

 To assess the effectiveness of applying behavior change theory to a physical activity intervention for obese, sedentary women.

 PARTICIPANTS 58 sedentary, obese woman  MEASURES Questionnaire on: Physical activity Stage of Change Process of Change Self efficacy  INTERVENTION Two groups

 27 of the 29 in the treatment group participated. 17 participated from the control group. GREAT results for the treatment group. The control group was not as successful.  Significant improvements in the processes of change for the treatment group – improvements in only 2 processes were observed for the control group. A Theory based intervention Versus a traditional exercise program… Theory based intervention incorporates how obese women think.

Influence of Diet and/or Exercise on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Obese Women Authors: Alan C. Utter, David C. Nieman, Elizabeth M. Shannonhouse, Diane E. Butterworth, and Cathy N. Nieman Journal Title: International Journal of Sport Nutrition Date, Volume & Pages: 1998, 8,

 To determine the influence of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise, energy restriction, or both on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in a large group of obese women.

 102 obese females participated in a 12 week program  Randomized into one of four groups: control, exercise, diet, or exercise and diet  Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and BMI were taken before and after the program  During the program, weekly weigh-ins and 24 hour dietary recalls were conducted

 Both the diet and the diet/exercise groups showed significant decreases in the following areas: body mass percent body fat body mass index fat mass  No significant changes were found in fat – free mass for all groups  Change in VO2 max was significantly greater for exercise groups

 VO2 max increased in both exercise groups due to moderately high intensity  Moderate exercise training independent of diet had little to no effect on fat mass

 Moderate exercise training during a 12 week period improved cardiorespiratory fitness but had no significant effect in accelerating diet-induced losses in body fat mass in a large number of obese women.

The effects of aerobic and resistance exercises in obese women Authors: Ayse Sarsan, Journal Title: Clinical Rehabilitation Date, Volume & Pages: 2006; 20:

 Compare effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on weight, muscle strength, cardiovascular fitness, blood pressure and mood in obese women who were not on energy restricted diet.

 60 obese women were assigned to one of three groups:  aerobic exercise  resistance exercise  control  Measured mood, cardiorespiratory capacity and maximum strength of trained muscles

 Showed improvements in: ◦ 1RM ◦ VO2 Max ◦ Beck depression scale (aerobic group) ◦ Aerobic and resistance training improved performance and exercise capacity

 Aerobic exercise improved:  depressive symptoms  VO2 max  Resistance exercise improved:  muscle strength

Authors: Van Aggel-Leijssen, WHM Saris, M Homan and MA van Baak Journal Title: International Journal of Obesity Date, Volume & Pages: 2001, Vol. 25, Pg 16-23

 Determine if high intensity or low intensity exercise stimulates fat oxidation & metabolism in part of B-adrenergic in obese men.  Determine the differences between the two exercising stimuli & the fat oxidation of metabolism in lean & obese men.

 There were 23 obese men, evaluated with a medical history & physical examination; all subjects were in good health. ◦ No medications used to influence any kind of manipulation of the variable measured. ◦ Categorized into groups of three’s by BMI, Fat Percentage, Age, and Vo2 max. ◦ Randomly divided into groups; High intensity exercisers (N=8, 70% Vo2 max), Low intensity exercisers (n=7, 40% Vo2max), and non-training controlled group (n=8). ◦ Subjects recorded dietary habits

After 12-weeks there were no changes in body composition in any group. ◦ There was a significant increase in Vo2 max and Vo2max FFM in both HI & LI-exercising groups.  Both increases were also very similar in their final measurements. ◦ Between the HI & C group there was a huge difference in Vo2max and Vo2 max FFM.  There were no changes in the lean group or the C obese group. ◦ The compliance of both exercising groups managed well (LI was 88.7% & HI was 92.6%)

 The 12-week exercise program involved measurements of body composition, maximal aerobic capacity, & isoprenaline-induced thermogenesis &substrates before exercising.  Each member did not spend >2 hours a week in sport activities & had no physically demanding job.  HI & LI groups participated in cycling on an ergometer 3x/week with each session fixed at 5kcal*kg*FFM^-1.  Heart rate was monitored continuously during the training session.  Evaluations of Vo2 Max test were performed & adjusted at the lab under supervision of a trainer at week 4 & at week 8.

 After the intervention, LI & HI-intensity exercise training failed to affect the B-adren. stimulation relative to fat oxidation in obese men.  Increases occurred from B-ad.-medicated lipolysis in HI exercises in obese men.  LI exercise training were similar in Lean & Obese men.  Variations in habitual energy expenditure seems to play a role in the difference between H & L responders of B-adren. adipocyte lipolysis.  Physical fitness was a significant increase in both exercising groups.  The concentration glycerol in the H.I. group increased the most after the intervention.

 NHANES survey 1 shows that among adult men the prevalence of obesity was increased from 31.1% (2003) to 35% in 2006  Proper exercise, nutrition, and behavior modification  NO MAGIC PILL  Health Risks

OBESITY VIDEO