Chapter 6 Teaching with Multimedia and Hypermedia By: Tim Bryant, Steve Compton, Jo Summers

Objectives Define multimedia and hypermedia from historic and current perspectives. Evaluate the quality and capabilities of a commercial multimedia/hypermedia product. Describe resources and skills required for multimedia/hypermedia authoring.

Objectives cont. Use an authoring system to develop a product that meets visual, navigational, and instructional criteria. Design lesson activities appropriate for each kind of hypermedia product.

Introduction to Multimedia and Hypermedia Computer-based multimedia learning stations have been used since 1966. Noncomputer multimedia have been around even longer. Look at current electronic media and its companion concept, hypermedia.

Introduction to Multimedia and Hypermedia cont. Multimedia and Hypermedia: How Do They Differ? Multimedia means “multiple media” or “a combination of media.” Still pictures, sound, motion video, animation, and/or text items combined.

Introduction to Multimedia and Hypermedia cont. Multimedia and Hypermedia: How Do They Differ? cont. Hypermedia means “linked media” or interactive media.” Information stored in various media are connected (often via the Internet).

Introduction to Multimedia and Hypermedia cont. Types of Hypermedia Systems Come in a variety of hardware, software, and media configurations. Classified according to their primary storage equipment such as interactive videodiscs (IVDs), CD-ROMs (compact disc-read-only memory) and digital versatile discs (DVDs).

Introduction to Multimedia and Hypermedia cont. Types of Hypermedia Systems cont. Commercial hypermedia software packages. Authoring tools: Presentation software Video production and editing systems Hypermedia authoring systems Virtual reality (VR) systems

Introduction to Multimedia and Hypermedia cont. Current and Future Impact of Hypermedia on Education Increased motivation Flexible learning modes Development of creative and critical thinking skills Improved writing and process skills

Introduction to Multimedia and Hypermedia cont. Research on the Impact of Multimedia and Hypermedia Systems cont. Increased learner control is more useful to higher ability students. Learner style helps determine which hypermedia features are effective in various learning environments.

Introduction to Multimedia and Hypermedia cont. Research on the Design and Use of Multimedia and Hypermedia Systems Stemeler (1997) reviewed findings on various characteristic that could have an impact on the potential effectiveness of these systems.

Introduction to Multimedia and Hypermedia cont. Research on the Design and Use of Multimedia and Hypermedia Systems cont. Instructional design Color Screen design Graphics Interaction and feedback Animation Navigation Audio Learner control Video

Introduction to Multimedia and Hypermedia cont. Recent Developments in Hypermedia Systems The “vanishing videodisc” Convergence of offline (disc) and online (Internet) development Increasing ease of use

Commercial Hypermedia Software Packages Instructional Software Tutorials Drill and practice Simulations Instructional games Problem solving

Commercial Hypermedia Software Packages cont. Interactive Books and ebooks Interactive storybooks for the younger students and interactive texts for the older students. ebooks offer greater flexibility than printed texts and are a valuable resource for students and teachers.

Commercial Hypermedia Software Packages cont. Reference Materials Available on CDs and DVDs with search engine software added to them to make information easier to attain. Encyclopedias Almanacs Atlases Newspapers and newsletters Proceeding and other conference materials

Commercial Hypermedia Software Packages cont. Collections of Development Resources Collecting of clip art, video clips, sound effects, and photographs are some resources that have been developed and placed on CD-ROM.

Commercial Hypermedia Software Packages cont. Evaluating Commercial Hypermedia Products Instructional planning and support Instructional design Content Interface design and navigation Feedback and interactivity

Commercial Hypermedia Software Packages cont. Integration Strategies for Commercial Hypermedia Products Should offer computer based instruction, resources to support instruction and provide networking and online sources.

Introduction to Multimedia and Hypermedia Authoring Background on Multimedia and Hypermedia Authoring Systems Enabled non-technical skilled individuals to develop their own professional-looking hypermedia products. Help prepare students for the world of the future.

Introduction to Multimedia and Hypermedia Authoring cont. Multimedia and Hypermedia Authoring Resources Audio resources Video resources Photos Graphic images Text

Introduction to Multimedia and Hypermedia Authoring cont. Hardware Requirements for Hypermedia Authoring Computer with keyboard and monitor Digital cameras Scanners Video digitizers Camcorders and other video input Microphones Audio speakers

Introduction to Multimedia and Hypermedia Authoring cont. Hypermedia Authoring Procedures Review others’ products Do research first Storyboard Develop individual frames and segments Add links and/or scripts Test and revise the product

Introduction to Multimedia and Hypermedia Authoring cont. Authoring Skills to Develop over Time Media literacy Using music and art Print design principles Video design principles Creativity and novel thinking Considering the audience

Introduction to Multimedia and Hypermedia Authoring cont. Evaluating Student-Developed Hypermedia When students create their own multimedia/hypermedia products, it is suggested that the student self-assess their products. They can do this by using a checklist or rubrics. The teacher can also use these instruments to grade the student projects.

Multimedia Authoring Tools Type 1: Presentation Software Aid in creating on-screen descriptions, demonstrations and summaries of information. These tools began as electronic slide shows. They have now become multimedia authoring tools.

Multimedia Authoring Tools Type 1: Presentation Software cont. Integration Strategies for Presentation Software Support for lectures or presentations of content Practice screens Assessment screens Brief tutorials Book reports Student-created presentations

Introduction to Video Production and Editing Systems Multimedia Authoring Tools Type 2: Video Production and Editing Systems Introduction to Video Production and Editing Systems Used in schools to produce school news programs and develop digitized video for use in authoring hypermedia products.

Multimedia Authoring Tools Type 2: Video Production and Editing Systems cont. Demonstrations of procedures Student-created presentations Video lectures Video portfolios Video decision-making/problem-solving simulations Documenting of school activities Visual literacy instruction Teaching of video production

Multimedia Authoring Tools Type 3: Hypermedia Software Introduction to Hypermedia Software Tools In the late 1980’s, hypermedia authoring programs were introduced.

Multimedia Authoring Tools Type 3: Hypermedia Software cont. Integration Strategies for Hypermedia Authoring Software Brief tutorials Student-created presentations Interactive storybooks

Introduction to Virtual Reality and Other Immersion Tools Multimedia Authoring Tools Type 4: Virtual Reality and Other Immersion Tools Introduction to Virtual Reality and Other Immersion Tools Full immersion systems Web-based Virtual Reality 3-D models QuickTime Virtual Reality (QTVR)

Integration Strategies for Virtual Reality and Other Immersion Tools Multimedia Authoring Tools Type 4: Virtual Reality and Other Immersion Tools cont. Integration Strategies for Virtual Reality and Other Immersion Tools Imaging for virtual field trips 3-D models to illustrate how systems work Immersion learning environments for practice and exploration