Conflicts in the Middle East Ch 18-4

Vocabulary Anwar Sadat Golda Meir PLO Yasir Arafat Camp David Accords Intifada Olso Peace Accords

Setting the Stage The Holocaust and WWII severely diminished the Jewish population The movement to create a state or Jewish Homeland, gained support following the war The site for this Jewish Homeland was designated in the Middle East Mostly Arab region

Israel Becomes a State Jewish claims to the land goes back 3,000 years Palestinians claims go back to when the Jews were mostly driven out in A.D. 135 Jews forced out of the area were unable to found their own country Diaspora: The global dispersal of Jews

Movement Back to Israel In the 19th-20th centuries, Jews started to move back to the region. Known as Zionists: People who favored a Jewish homeland in Palestine Following WWI, Britain oversaw Palestine until it was ready for independence Jews had become a growing presence in the region at this time

Balfour Declaration Sir Arthur Balfour (British Foreign Secretary) promoted the idea of a Jewish Homeland in Palestine Balfour Declaration- also included protection for non-Jewish minorities

Post WWII In 1947 the United Nations voted for the partition of Palestine into a Palestinian state and a Jewish State Jerusalem was to be an International City Partition gave the Jews 55% when they made up 34% of population All Islamic countries voted against the partition May 14th, 1948 David Ben Gurion announced the creation of the state of Israel

Conflict May 15th Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria invaded Israel First of many Arab-Israeli wars ended in victory for Israel Full scale war broke out in 1956, 1967, and 1973 The state of Palestine never came into being due to the fighting Other Arab counties took parts of the land designated for Palestine

1956 Suez Crisis Second Arab-Israeli War Egypt took control of the Suez Canal British interests/control of the canal were threatened. Joined with Israel and France to retake the canal Pressure from other countries caused them to back off Egypt controls the Canal

Golda Meir and Anwar Sadat Golda Meir-Israeli Prime Minister Anwar Sadat- Egyptian President

Palestine Liberation Organization Palestinians struggled for recognition PLO formed in 1964 to push for the formation of a Palestinian State Yasir Arafat: PLO chairman Carried out attacks against Israel

Efforts at Peace Camp David Accords: The first signed agreement between Israel and an Arab country-1979 Ended 30 years of hostilities Signed in the US Gave land back to Egypt in exchange for recognition of Israel as a state

Tensions Increase Intifada: “Uprising” widespread campaign of civil disobedience Boycotts, demonstrations, attacks and rock throwing

Oslo Peace Accords Israel agrees to grant Palestinians self rule in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank Difficult to keep peace Many people opposed the move In response to uprisings, Israel moved into Palestine areas to repress militants

Current In 2003 Palestinians leaders elected their first ever Prime Minister. Stated goal of 2 countries living in peace with each other. There are extremists who oppose this. Would prefer total control. React when peace is attempted and assassinate and attack.

Assessment 1. Can 2 independent states exist? Why? 2. How can we work to create these two states? 3. What are some of the problems with the two-state partition plan? 4. Some have said that the Palestinian- Israeli conflict represents the struggle of right against right. Explain why you agree or disagree. 5. On page 586 Read the primary sources for each side. Answer the questions.