GARIBALDI, SICILY AND NAPLES How did Piedmont succeed in annexing Sicily, Naples and the papal States by 1861?

N.B. Formation of Northern Italian State under Piedmont (or in its likeness) Formation of Northern Italian State under Piedmont (or in its likeness) Is that enough for Cavour? Is that enough for Cavour? Whose ambition to go further? Whose ambition to go further?

April 1860 – revolt in Sicily organised by Mazzini and supporters of the National society

Stage 3

ACTIONS OF GARIBALDI Collected together ‘The Thousand’ Collected together ‘The Thousand’ Sets sail for Sicily in the name of ‘Victor Emmanuel and Italy’ Sets sail for Sicily in the name of ‘Victor Emmanuel and Italy’

REACTION OF CAVOUR AND VICTOR EMMANUEL Cavour refused to help - fear of foreign intervention Cavour refused to help - fear of foreign intervention V.E> support, but not openly V.E> support, but not openly

GARIBALDI’S MILITARY SUCCESS Defeated Neapolitan army Defeated Neapolitan army Aided by Sicilian peasants Aided by Sicilian peasants

GARIBALDI’S ACTIONS IN SICILY Appointed himself dictator of Sicily Appointed himself dictator of Sicily Abolished tax on corn Abolished tax on corn Promoted distribution of land Promoted distribution of land Introduced Piedmontese laws Introduced Piedmontese laws

GARIBALDI’S DEFEAT OF NAPLES Landed troops and marched on Naples Landed troops and marched on Naples King fled and Garibaldi accepted surrender King fled and Garibaldi accepted surrender

FEARS OF CAVOUR European intervention if Rome taken European intervention if Rome taken Republicanism of Garibaldi’s men Republicanism of Garibaldi’s men

CAVOUR’S ACTIONS March an army through Papal States to meet Gazza March an army through Papal States to meet Gazza Plebiscites organised in Sicily, Naples, Umbria and the Papal Marches in favour of unification Plebiscites organised in Sicily, Naples, Umbria and the Papal Marches in favour of unification

END RESULT Gazza hands over conquests to Victor Emmanuel II Gazza hands over conquests to Victor Emmanuel II Constitution of Piedmont extended to Italy Constitution of Piedmont extended to Italy