Air-to-air air conditioners and heat pumps UNEP Workshop on hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) Management UNCC, Bangkok, 20 th – 21 st April 2015 Dr Daniel Colbourne Prof. Roberto Peixoto

Introduction Types of air conditionersSectors and alternativesUse in existing systemsHigh ambient issuesHurdles

Introduction AC, chillers and heat pumps Chillers Positive displace Centrifugal Heating only heat pumps Air-to-air ACs and HPs Split type Ducted split Residential Commercial Non-ducted single split Multisplit VRF Residential Factory sealed Packaged rooftop Small self- contained Portable Window/ PTAC/ TTW

Options for new equipment low GWP (<300) medium GWP (300 – 1000) high GWP (>1000)

Small factory sealed AC 1kW  10  100  ½– 5kW ½–1 kg

1kW  10  100  1000 Non-ducted single split AC 3 – 7 kW 1 – 1½ kg

Ducted split AC 1kW  10  100  – 200 kW 5 – 50 kg

Packaged “rooftop” ducted AC 1kW  10  100  –100 kW 5 – 30 kg

Multi-split systems 1kW  10  100  – 150 kW 4 – 60 kg

Chillers 1kW  10  100  – 1000 kW; 1-5 MW 4 – 300 kg; Mt Alternative technology: absorption Cogeneration/trigeneration

Heating only heat pumps 8 – 200 kW 2 – 50 kg 1kW  10  100  1000

Options for existing equipment

2222 High ambient considerations 1234yf1234yf a152a A446A 447A447A 444B444B 410A410A

Main hurdles Standards organisations to ease efforts to revise Disparate national regulations and codes National actions to revise regulations Obstructive safety standards Selection, design and installation can be more complicated More, thorough training, formalisation of service sectors Lack of knowledge (flammability, high pressure)

Thank you for your attention! Dr Daniel Colbourne Prof. Roberto Peixoto