1. H F C M a n a g e m e n t W o r k s h o p, 11 - 12 J u l y 2 0 1 4, P a r i sRoberto Peixoto - IMT Roberto A. Peixoto Maua Institute of Technology - IMT Issues in the Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Sector Faced by Article 5 Parties Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of the author and do not represent those of the TEAP or the RTOC

2. H F C M a n a g e m e n t W o r k s h o p, 11 - 12 J u l y 2 0 1 4, P a r i sRoberto Peixoto - IMT Background Challenges and Barriers Way forward

3. H F C M a n a g e m e n t W o r k s h o p, 11 - 12 J u l y 2 0 1 4, P a r i sRoberto Peixoto - IMT Background Number of RAC products will increase strongly in developing countries population growth, fast urbanization, electrification and changes in consumer patterns development of the cold chain, especially commercial refrigeration, and the automobile industry (MAC) Source: GIZ-2013

4. H F C M a n a g e m e n t W o r k s h o p, 11 - 12 J u l y 2 0 1 4, P a r i sRoberto Peixoto - IMT Background Demand for refrigerant will increase RAC products will play a role in: future energy consumption GHG emission Article 5 countries have progressed in implementation of their Stage I HPMPs and are in the process to start preparation of Stage II HPMPs Article 5 countries will need to address the RAC manufacturing/servicing sectors Reduce/control the number of new HCFC-22 based installations High-GWP HFCs have been/are considered as replacements for HCFCs

5. H F C M a n a g e m e n t W o r k s h o p, 11 - 12 J u l y 2 0 1 4, P a r i sRoberto Peixoto - IMT Challenges and Barriers To avoid replacing HCFCs with high-GWP HFCs Alternative refrigerants must provide: environmental sustainability performance safety total cost of ownership Some low GWP options are not fully mature at present and their application cannot be achieved immediately The use of unsaturated HFCs (HFOs) for the conversion of refrigeration/air-conditioning equipment is yet to be demonstrated Companies in 5 countries do not agree to implement technology not yet commercialized in developed countries

6. H F C M a n a g e m e n t W o r k s h o p, 11 - 12 J u l y 2 0 1 4, P a r i sRoberto Peixoto - IMT Challenges and Barriers The use of flammable refrigerants requires assessing procedures and establishing standards on good practices High ambient temperatures generate more stringent conditions and lead to more restrictive conditions in terms of refrigerant choices Regulations requiring air-conditioning equipment to be energy efficient in order to enter the market increases the need to find alternatives in the short term Need to assess climate impact of RAC equipment during their lifetime: emissions of refrigerants, energy consumption UNEP study: Barriers to the Use of low GWP Refrigerants in Developing Countries

7. H F C M a n a g e m e n t W o r k s h o p, 11 - 12 J u l y 2 0 1 4, P a r i sRoberto Peixoto - IMT Way forward Technology to leapfrog high-GWP HFCs in RAC is available in many applications Adoption of technically and economically feasible alternatives safe, climate friendly and energy efficient needs support for technology transfer, technical and other guidance Introduction and update of safety standards on refrigerants Demonstration projects and financial incentives to support low GWP technologies Technician training is essential for the proper handling of refrigerants Regulations and voluntary agreements