1. Session I Challenges and opportunities in addressing high-GWP HFCs in the refrigeration sector

2. Session 1 - Refrigeration April 21, 2015 Overview speakers – Mr. Reinhard Radermacher – Mr. Paulo Vodianitskaia Panellists – 11 presenters – From A 5 contries and Non A 5 countries UNEP HFC workshop, Bangkok Ullrich Hesse

3. Refrigeration Domestic (2 % CO2 equivalent ) refrigerators, freezers, combinations Commercial (73 % CO2 equivalent ) plug-in, condensing units, centralized Industrial (20 % CO2 equivalent ) small, medium, large Transport (5 % CO2 equivalent ) road, container, ship April 21, 2015HFC workshop, Bangkok Ullrich Hesse

4. Refrigeration Refrigerated food – medium temperature: 0.. 8°C – low temperature: -18.. -25°C Industrial refrigeration: – wide range of temperatures and capacities No one single fluid solution April 21, 2015HFC workshop, Bangkok Ullrich Hesse

5. Domestic HC-600a – about 500 Mil. systems – reliable, safe and efficient HFC in NA and associated markets – due to safety standards April 21, 2015HFC workshop, Bangkok Ullrich Hesse

6. Commercial - Plug-in / stand-alone HC – for smaller systems up to 150 g – some with larger refrigerant charge – available now Low GWP HFC, HFO – depends on commercial availability – before 2020 Training and education on flammability April 21, 2015HFC workshop, Bangkok Ullrich Hesse

7. Commercial – Condensing units Flammable or toxic refrigerants are not an option Low GWP HFC, HFO – on commercial availability – expected before 2020 – acceptance of A2L to be clarified CO 2 in EU, NA and Japan – technology need to spread-out globally – after 2020 Ammonia and flammables – with secondary refrigerant April 21, 2015HFC workshop, Bangkok Ullrich Hesse

8. Commercial – Centralized Low GWP HFC, HFO – on commercial availability – before 2020 – acceptance of A2L to be clarified CO 2 in EU, NA and Japan – transcritical or cascade – technology need to spread-out globally – after 2020 Ammonia and flammables – with secondary refrigerant April 21, 2015HFC workshop, Bangkok Ullrich Hesse

9. Industrial Some niche products will continuously need HFC CO 2 similar as in commercial Ammonia already in use – direct or with secondary refrigerant – ammonia / CO 2 cascade Technology transfer from Non-Article 5 to Article 5 countries – ammonia, CO 2 – on industry decision April 21, 2015HFC workshop, Bangkok Ullrich Hesse

10. Transport Wide range of ambient and product temperatures CO 2 systems for road and reefer container – Systems have been developed and are not in use yet – Higher costs – Efficiency at hot ambient to be confirmed Flammable refrigerants for road and reefer container – Safety is currently under assessment for A3 and A2L – First systems might roll-out in 2018 April 21, 2015HFC workshop, Bangkok Ullrich Hesse

11. Trainings and Education Awareness Leak reduction by – technology improvement and – quality assurance Technology and safety – Design, manufacturing and service – CO 2 – Ammonia – Flammables A3 and A2L April 21, 2015HFC workshop, Bangkok Ullrich Hesse