In The Name of Allah بسم اللّه الرّحمن الرّحیم

Special English For Computer Science Students By: Sayed Mohammad Mehdi Feiz

3 Learning Vocabulary Agenda Academic Degrees Parts of Speech Word Frequency Lists Using a or an

4 Certificate Diploma Associate Degree Bachelor Degree Master Degree Doctorate Degree کاردانی ( فوق دیپلم ) کارشناسی ارشد ( فوق لیسانس ) دیپلم گواهی کارشناسی ( لیسانس ) دکتری Academic Degrees

There are eight parts of speech. A word’s part of speech is based on how the word is used in a sentence. Words can, therefore, be more than one part of speech. nouns: (n.) name a person, place, or thing Examples: Ms. Lopez, New Orleans, lamp. pronouns: (pron.) take the place of a noun Examples: I, me, you, she, he, it, her, we, they, my, which, that, anybody, everybody adjectives: (adj.) modify (describe or explain) a noun or pronoun Examples: pretty, old, two, expensive, red, small verbs: (v.) express an action or state of being Examples: enjoy, run, think, read, am, is, are, was, were 5 Parts of Speech

adverbs: (adv.) modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb Examples: very, shortly, first, too, soon, quickly, finally, furthermore, however prepositions: (prep.) are placed before a noun or pronoun to create a phrase that relates to other parts of the sentence Examples: after, around, at, before, by, from, in, into, of, off, on, through, to, up, with conjunctions: (conj.) join words or other sentence elements and show a relationship between the connected items Examples: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet, after, although, because, if, since, than, when interjections: (interj.) show surprise or emotion Examples: oh, hey, wow, ah, ouch 6 Parts of Speech (continue)

Some ICT terms are difficult, but others are universally accepted. You probably know terms like modem, online, chat, , website, virus and hacker; they are part of our everyday life. When you meet an unknown word, first try to guess the meaning from the context  the surrounding words and the situation. Second, use bilingual or monolingual dictionary 7 Learning vocabulary: tips and techniques

Using a dictionary 8 Learning vocabulary: tips and techniques

General Service List (GSL) 2,284 most common head words in English (i.e. “be” includes “am”, “is”, “are”, etc.) Academic Word List (AWL) 570 words, ten sublists, excludes the GSL 9 Word Frequency Lists

The General Service List (GSL) is a list of roughly 2000 words published by Michael West in The words were selected to represent the most frequent words of English and were taken from a corpus of written English. 10 General Service List (GSL)

 The Academic Word List (AWL) was developed by Averil Coxhead in 2000 as her MA thesis at the School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.  The list contains 570 word families which were selected according to principles. The list does not include words that are in the most frequent 2000 words of English (GSL).  The 570 words are divided into 10 Groups. The Groups are ordered such that the words in the first Group are the most frequent words and those in the last Group are the least frequent.  AWL is not restricted to a specific field of study. 11 Academic Word Lists

a  We use a before words that begin with a consonant sound. a  Some words start with vowel letter but begin with a consonant sound, so we use a before these words, too:  a Uni  a University  a Eur  a European  a one  a one-parent family an  We use an before words that begin with a vowel sound:  an o  an orange  an I  an Italian  an u  an umbrella ‘h’  Include words that begin with a silent letter ‘h’:  an h  an hour  an h  an honor  an h  an honest child 12 Using a or an

(an)  Abbreviations said as individual letters that begin with A, E, F, H, I, L, M, N, O, R, S or X: (an)  an MP  an FBI agent (a)  But compare abbreviations said as words: (a)  a NATO general (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)  a FIFA official (Federation of International Football Associations) 13 Using a or an (continue)

14 References [1] Olsen, A.(2009) Academic Vocabulary: Academic Words. 4 th edition. Longman. [2] [3] [4] Murphy, R. (2005) English grammar in use. 4 th edition. Cambridge University Press.

Q & A 15