1 st Semester Review Units 3 & 4

Colonial North Carolina

Settling North Carolina

Lesson 1: The Lost Colony Expedition: a journey taken by a group of people Colony: is an area of land ruled by another country Settler: a person who moves to a new area Europeans began exploring what is now North Carolina in the 1500s The 1 st English colony in present-day NC was on Roanoke England’s first 2 colonies failed The lessons learned by the first Roanoke settlers helped teach future settlers how to survive and succeed

Lesson 2: The Carolina Colony Proprietor: a person who owns something Tax: money paid to a government Governor: a person chosen to lead a colony, territory, or state Cargo: goods that are shipped from one place to another England forms the Carolina colony Carolina Grows towns (such as Bath) Growth causes conflicts with American Indians Pirates like Blackbeard, Stede Bonnet, and Anne Bonny frequently assaulted ships

Lesson 3: A Royal Colony Backcountry: a rural region that has few people living in it. Rebellion: a fight against a government Slavery: a cruel system in which people are bought and sold, then forced to work without pay Right: a freedom protected by the government’s laws NC became a royal colony in 1729 Many groups from Europe came to NC seeking better lives Enslaved Africans worked on farms Present-day NC still shows colonial influences

Lesson 4: Old Salem Community: a group of people living in the same area under the same laws Apprentice: a person who learns a trade from an adult worker Merchant: a person who buys and sells goods Commerce: the buying and selling of goods The Moravians believed in hard work, cooperation, and strong family ties Salem was an important place of trade Became Winston-Salem, one of NC’s largest and most important cities

Life in the Colony

Lesson 1: Colonial Work Plantation: a large farm on which workers living on the farm raise crops Export: a product sent to another place and sold Naval stores: products from pine trees used to build and repair ships Economy: the way people use resources to make, buy, and sell goods and services Colonists farmed land and fished in the Coastal Plain and in the backcountry Some colonists enslaved people worked in the forests and in towns

Lesson 2: Transportation and Early Towns Carriage: a horse-drawn, wheeled vehicle Cooper: makes or repairs barrels Town Meeting: a gathering where colonists voted on the laws for their towns and chose leaders Travel in colonial NC was slow and difficult Colonial towns were important places for trade and government African Americans did different jobs in colonial towns Some colonial towns still exist today

Lesson 3: Living Near the Coast Acre: an area of land that is about the size of a football field Loft: an area set above a living space Blacksmith: a person who makes objects out of iron, such as horseshoes Colonial coastal living included the following: Wealthy plantation owners lived in large homes Most colonist lived in smaller homes Most children worked instead of attending school

Lesson 4: Backcountry Life Literacy: ability to read and write Militia: a group of ordinary people who train for a battle Inn: where travelers stay Life in the backcountry: Families grew their own food Had small houses Women cooked and sewed Played lots of games/have gatherings

The Road to Independence

Lesson 1: Conflicts Grow Regulator: a backcountry person who wanted to control his own life Petition: a written request from a group of people Congress: a group of leaders who meet to discuss a subject Revolution: a fight to remove a government from power Conflicts with Britain leading up to the American Revolution in 1775: Stamp Act protests, 1765 Battle of Alamance, 1771 Tea Parties, Disagreements over taxes led to a war to free colonists from British rule

Lesson 2: NC in the War Patriot: someone who wanted freedom from British rule Loyalist: wanted the colonies to remain part of Britain Delegate: a person chosen to act and speak for others Independence: freedom from the rule of another country Surrender: to give up control The American colonies declared independence in After 8 years of fighting in the American Revolution, the colonies gained independence from Britain! The American Revolution led to the birth of a new nation

Lesson 3: Statehood Constitution: a written plan for government Legislature: a group of people who make and change laws Convention: a meeting that brings people together for a common purpose Backcountry farmers tried to create the State of Franklin in 1784 The Constitutional Convention created a stronger national government NC became the 12 th state in 1789

Living in North Carolina

Freedom and Equality

Lesson 1: The Struggle for Freedom Abolitionist: someone who wants to end slavery Amendment: a change to the Constitution Segregation: the forced separation of blacks and whites Civil rights: the rights that countries guarantee their citizens Slavery ended after the Civil War African Americans still faced discrimination African Americans used nonviolent protests to protect their rights Dr. Martin Luther King was a leader who support non-violent protests Greensboro Sit-In: in NC students repeatedly went to a restaurant that was segregated. They were asked to leave but wouldn’t. Eventually they won!

Lesson 2: Equality for All Suffrage: the right to vote Ratify: to approve American Indians and women fought for equality in education and government. The Nineteenth Amendment protects women’s suffrage (right to vote)

Citizenship and Government

Lesson 1: Citizenship in NC Jury: a group of people who decide a court case Election: the way voters choose people to serve in government Volunteer: a person who does a job for no pay Citizens have rights and responsibilities Have to vote Pay taxes The Bill of Rights protects our rights (10 Amendments in the Constitution) Freedoms of religion, speech, and press

Lesson 2: State Government Veto: to reject Capitol: an office building where a government does its work Public Servant: a person who works for the local, state, or national government Three branches of Government Legislative Branch: makes laws Executive Branch: enforces laws Judicial branch: interprets laws

Lesson 3: Local Government County: a section of a state containing several cities or towns Mayor: the elected leader of a city or town Every city and county in NC has a local government that provides services The elected officials in most cities are the mayor and the city council County governments are often led by commissioners

Preamble, Symbols, and other Information

Preamble We, the people of the State of North Carolina, grateful to Almighty God, the Sovereign Ruler of Nations, for the preservation of the American Union and the existence of our civil, political and religious liberties, and acknowledging our dependence upon Him for the continuance of those blessings to us and our posterity, do, for the more certain security thereof and for the better government of this State, ordain and establish this Constitution.

NC Symbols State Bird: Cardinal State Saltwater Fish: Channel Bass State Mammal: Gray Squirrel State Flower: Dogwood State Tree: Pine State Precious Stone: Emerald (largest emerald in North America was found near Statesville NC)

Other information Leading crops: Tobacco, peanuts, soybeans, corn, cotton Leading Industries: Making of chemicals and textiles State Song: “The Old North State” State saying: “To be rather than to seem” State Nickname: The Old North State, or The Tar Heel State

We live in the Western Hemisphere. North America is the continent that we live on. Our country is the United States of America. Our state is called North Carolina. Sanford is our town. North Carolina has 3 neighboring states. They are South Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee. North Carolina’s physical features include oceans and mountains. The highest mountain in North Carolina is Mt. Mitchell. North Carolina is located on the East Coast.