1. 22.4 The American Revolution Experience and new ways of thinking help spur the American colonies to shed British rule and create a new nation.

2. Britain and Its American Colonies The American Colonies Grow The American Colonies Grow American colonies grow large and many people move there during the 1600s and 1700s American colonies grow large and many people move there during the 1600s and 1700s Colonies make money through trade with Europe Colonies make money through trade with Europe Columbian Exchange – sending goods to and from America Columbian Exchange – sending goods to and from America Some trade laws help the colonists (example: Navigation Acts) Some trade laws help the colonists (example: Navigation Acts) Colonists identify less and less as British citizens Colonists identify less and less as British citizens

3. Tension British-Colonial Tensions Arise British-Colonial Tensions Arise Britain and American colonies win the French and Indian War in 1763 Britain and American colonies win the French and Indian War in 1763 Britain taxes colonists to help pay the war debts (money owed after a war) Britain taxes colonists to help pay the war debts (money owed after a war) Colonists argue that British cannot tax them without their consent Colonists argue that British cannot tax them without their consent The colonists don’t have someone voting for them in the British Parliament The colonists don’t have someone voting for them in the British Parliament

4. British Acts, Colonial Reaction Stamp Act Stamp Act British: Passed a new tax on printed items (newspapers, playing cards, etc.); required a stamp to show you paid British: Passed a new tax on printed items (newspapers, playing cards, etc.); required a stamp to show you paid Colonists: Were angry! They boycotted British goods & formed the group Sons of Liberty Colonists: Were angry! They boycotted British goods & formed the group Sons of Liberty Sugar Act Sugar Act British: Lowered tax on imported molasses but added new taxes on other sugar goods; searched homes to catch smugglers British: Lowered tax on imported molasses but added new taxes on other sugar goods; searched homes to catch smugglers Colonists: anyone caught smuggling went to British court; they were upset, but mostly merchants Colonists: anyone caught smuggling went to British court; they were upset, but mostly merchants Townsend Acts Townsend Acts British: Passed lots of new taxes on British goods, including tea British: Passed lots of new taxes on British goods, including tea Colonists: Boycotted more goods; began getting aggressive Colonists: Boycotted more goods; began getting aggressive

5. War Begins Growing Hostility Leads to War Growing Hostility Leads to War Colonists protest tea tax with “Boston Tea Party” in 1773 Colonists protest tea tax with “Boston Tea Party” in 1773 http://www.history.com/topics/american- revolution/boston-tea-party http://www.history.com/topics/american- revolution/boston-tea-party http://www.history.com/topics/american- revolution/boston-tea-party http://www.history.com/topics/american- revolution/boston-tea-party Colonists meet in Philadelphia to address British policies (1774); First Continental Congress Colonists meet in Philadelphia to address British policies (1774); First Continental Congress British and Americans exchange fire at Lexington and Concord in 1775 British and Americans exchange fire at Lexington and Concord in 1775

6. Declaration of Independence Declaration of Independence—document justifying colonial rebellion & American freedom Declaration of Independence—document justifying colonial rebellion & American freedom Leader Thomas Jefferson writes Declaration, stating all the reasons for the Revolution and why America should be its own nation Leader Thomas Jefferson writes Declaration, stating all the reasons for the Revolution and why America should be its own nation

7. Americans Win Independence Success for the Colonists Success for the Colonists Despite British military power, colonists have advantages: Despite British military power, colonists have advantages: Motivating cause of freedom Motivating cause of freedom Help from the French Help from the French War’s expense for Britain War’s expense for Britain British surrender at Battle of Yorktowne (1781) British surrender at Battle of Yorktowne (1781)

8. Americans Create a Republic Articles of Confederation Articles of Confederation The first attempt at setting up a new government The first attempt at setting up a new government Problems: Problems: Articles create legislature only, no executive or judicial branches Articles create legislature only, no executive or judicial branches States have a lot of power, national government does not States have a lot of power, national government does not Result is a weak national government that fails to provide unity and order Result is a weak national government that fails to provide unity and order

9. Americans Create a Republic A New Constitution A New Constitution Leaders call a Constitutional Convention in 1787 to revise the Articles Leaders call a Constitutional Convention in 1787 to revise the Articles Group instead creates a new government under the U.S. Constitution Group instead creates a new government under the U.S. Constitution

10. Americans Create a Republic Constitution contains many new political ideas Constitution contains many new political ideas Government’s power comes from the PEOPLE Government’s power comes from the PEOPLE People have to approve what government does; VOTE People have to approve what government does; VOTE Power should be spread out among several groups Power should be spread out among several groups No ONE person should be in charge No ONE person should be in charge People should have free speech & be able to practice any religion People should have free speech & be able to practice any religion People have certain rights that can’t be People have certain rights that can’t be taken away

11. Americans Create a Republic The Federal System The Federal System Constitution creates three branches of government Constitution creates three branches of government Legislative, executive, judicial Legislative, executive, judicial Provides checks and balances—ensures branches share power equally Provides checks and balances—ensures branches share power equally Ex: President can sign or veto a bill from Congress Ex: President can sign or veto a bill from Congress Promotes federal system—power divided between national and state governments Promotes federal system—power divided between national and state governments The Bill of Rights The Bill of Rights Some fear too much national power, few protections of rights Some fear too much national power, few protections of rights Leaders win support for the Constitution by adding a Bill of Rights Leaders win support for the Constitution by adding a Bill of Rights Ten amendments to the Constitution that protect freedoms Ten amendments to the Constitution that protect freedoms