1. Unit 2 Origins of United States Government

2. Origins of the United States Government Section 1: Early Influences

3. Ideas from England Limited Gov. Rep. Gov. Petition of Right Bill of Rights

4. 4 English Ideas Explained 0 1. Limited gov. 0 One person does NOT have all the power 0 Magna Carta 0 1215 England 0 Citizens force King John to sign 0 Limited power of king 0 Rule of law—gov leaders must act according to a set of laws 0 2. Representative gov 0 Bicameral 0 Two houses of legislative branch 0 3. Petition of Right 0 1628 0 Parliament forces Charles I to sign it 0 Limited power of the monarch 0 Parliament (elected by people) had more power 0 4. English Bill of Rights 0 Citizens rights from gov violations

5. English Documents Explained 0 Magna Carta webpage Magna Carta webpage 0 Petition of Right Petition of Right 0 English Bill of Rights English Bill of Rights

6. Colonies 0 Charters 0 English monarchs gave settlers right to establish a colony 0 Most charters included limited and rep gov. 0 Governments 0 As number of colonies grew, each developed limited and rep gov.

7. Origins of United States Government Section 2: Independence

8. Searching for Unity 0 a. Tough to unite 0 i. Colonies formed for different reasons 0 1. Profit 0 2. Religion 0 3. Georgia: refuge for debtors 0 ii. Different economies and geography 0 1. New England: fishing and lumber 0 2. South: crops

9. 13 Original Colonies

10. Attempts at Unity 1643 Vs. Indians Had little power Little cooperation among colonies New England Confederation Council of reps Levy taxes to raise army Regulate trade with Indians Colonies rejected the plan Albany Plan of Union

11. An Ocean Apart 0 a. Anger over British taxes unite the colonies 0 b. First Continental Congress 0 i. Protest British policies 0 ii. Send King George III the Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress 0 iii. British tighten control 0 iv. Colonists declare independence in 1776

12. Origins of United States Government Section 3: The First National Government

13. Articles of Confederation Year Established 1777 How? All 13 states had to ratify. Done in 1781 How powerful? Not very. Most did not want a powerful national gov Legislative Powers Each state had 1 legislative vote majority rule 9 votes needed for major decisions Limits on power Could not tax Could not regulate trade No executive branch No judicial brandh

14. Articles of Confederation DID NOT WORK 0 Reasons: 0 1. each colony was very different including issue of slavery 0 2. size of new nation was large/communication was slow 0 3. states did their own thing—ignored federal laws and taxes 0 4. A of C HAD NO POWER!

15. What next? 0 Many felt we needed a strong federal government 0 Otherwise, we would have no country! 0 Example: Shays’s Rebellion

16. Origins of the United States Government Section 4: The Constitutional Convention

17. Constitutional Convention

19. General Info 0 *Delegates met in Philadelphia in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation 0 *However, delegates moved quickly to form a stronger national gov. 0 *worked 4 months in a hot Phila summer in secrecy

20. 8 singed Dec of Ind 7 on 1 st Cont. Cong. 7 state governors Wealthy/ educated The Delegates

21. Key People 0 George Washington 0 Benjamin Franklin 0 Alexander Hamilton 0 James Madison

22. George Washington

23. Benjamin Franklin

24. Alexander Hamilton

25. James Madison

26. Rival Plans Virginia PlanNew Jersey Plan Powers of National Government 1. Levy taxes 2. Make national laws 3. Regulate trade 1. Levy taxes 2. Regulate trade Executive BranchStrong executive chosen by legislature Weak executive controlled by the legislature Legislative Branch 1. Bicameral 2. Membership based on state population 3. 1 st house elected by people 4. 2 nd house elected by 1 st house 1. Strong unicameral 2. Each state has 1 vote 3. Reps chose by state legislatures Judicial BranchSupreme Court and lower courts Supreme Court with justices named by legislature

27. The Great Compromise Legislative Branch1. Bicameral legislative branch a. House: based on population b. Senate: 2 per state Executive BranchThe Electoral College Trade1. Congress could not ban import of slaves before 1808 2. Congress could not tax goods on exports Slavery1. North: believed it was wrong; also believed they should not count towards population 2. Southern states want slaves to count 3. 3/5 compromise: each slave counted as 3/5 of a free person

28. Finalizing the Constitution 0 Most signed the new Constitution, even though many still opposed.

29. Origins of the United States Government Section 5: Ratifying the Constitution

30. Federalists vs. Anti Federalists a. Federalists i. Constitution would protect rights and was necessary to hold nation together b. Antifederalists i. Did not want the new gov. ii. Constitution would create a gov. that would threaten people’s rights and state’s rights

31. RATIFICATION! 0 After a lot of debate, all states eventually ratified (passed) the Constitution