Tariq Bashir Pakistan Council for Science and Technology Islamabad November 8, 2006 Status of Science and Technology in Pakistan

2 Overview System of S&T Governance Status of S&T Development and S&T Statistical Indicators Current S&T Policy Initiatives

3 Overview of S&T Governance System in Pakistan Prime Minister National Assembly Standing Committee on S&T Senate Standing Committee on S,T & Education Minister for S&T Other Ministers* PM Secretariat National Commission for S&T Ministry of S&T *Related Ministries PAEC HEC Pakistan Council for S&T * Ministries of IT & Telecom., Agriculture, Education, Industries, Health etc. S&T / R&D Organizations

4 National Commission for Science and Technology (NCST) Constituted in 1984 Apex body on S&T matters headed by PM 27 members PCST is Secretariat of NCST Acceleration of scientific and technological capacity building for rapid and sustainable economic growth Consideration of major programmes of S&T sector and establish guidelines Coordination of inter-ministerial and inter-provincial S&T programmes Details

5 Status of S&T Development and S&T Statistical Indicators

6 S&T Development in Historical Perspective S&T Manpower R&D Expenditure Information Technology

7 S&T Development in Historical Perspective At the Time of Independence in 1947: Meager Human and Financial Resources Poor Infrastructure* ● ●Only 4 Laboratories ● ●Two Universities ● ●One Agricultural College * Excludes East Pakistan

8 S&T Development in Historical Perspective …..2 At Present: Independent Ministries for: ● ●Science and Technology ● ●Information Technology and Telecommunications ● ●Higher Education Commission 85 Major S&T Organizations with 228 research institutes / centres / labs etc. 114 Universities / Degree Awarding Institutes including: ● ●11 Engineering and Technology Universities ● ●6 Agricultural Universities ● ●7 Medical Universities

9 Growth of Higher Education Institutions in Pakistan Source: HEC

10 S&T Manpower Source: PCST

11 Growth of PhDs in Pakistan Source: PCST

12 Researchers by Level of Qualification Source: PCST

13 Number of Researchers by Field of Science Source: PCST

14 Percent of Total Researchers Working in Higher Education and Public Sector R&D Organizations Source: PCST

15 Researchers by Field of Science in Higher Education Source: PCST

16 Researchers by Field of Science in Public Sector Organizations Source: PCST

17 R&D Expenditure Source: PCST

18 R&D Expenditure as Percent of GDP Source: PCST

19 Share of Different Funding Sources in Total R&D Expenditure Source: PCST

20 Field-Wise Expenditure of R&D Organizations Source: PCST

21 Field-Wise Expenditure of Higher Education Institutions Source: PCST

22 Information Technology Number of IT companies675 (Registered PSEB Members) Number of companies ISO-certified100 companies Number of foreign IT & Telecom companies working in Pakistan 60 Industry size – (according to a preliminary study undertaken by PSEB) US$ 2 Billion (WTO Prescribed formula) IT and IT-enabled services export in year US$ Million Growth in exports over the last one year 56% Export targets for the current fiscal year US$ 108 Million Source: PSEB

23 Information Technology ……2 Number of IT graduates produced per year About 20,000 Number of universities offering IT / CS programs 110 Number of IT professionals engaged in export oriented activities (Software development / Call centres etc.) More than 10,000 Total number of IT professionals employed in the country 90,000 Total IT spending in fiscal year US$ 1.4 Billion Source: PSEB

24 Increase in Operative Bandwidth Decrease in Price of the Bandwidth

25 Spread of Internet Services in Pakistan

26 Growth of Internet Users in Pakistan

27 Current S&T Policy Initiatives

28 Main Areas of Current Initiatives Programme Areas No of Projects Amount Allocated (Rs million) Human Resource Development Upgradation of R&D Infrastructure and Launching of R&D Programmes Technology Development and Industrialization Strengthening of Policy, Coordination and Management Structure Information Technology Total *Estimate of PSDP for the financial year

29 Human Resource Development Indigenous PhD Programme Indigenous PhD Programme Merit Scholarship Scheme for PhD in S& Merit Scholarship Scheme for PhD in S& Split PhD Programme Split PhD Programme Post-Doctoral Fellowship Programme Post-Doctoral Fellowship Programme Foreign Scholarships for PhD ● ●Teachers and Researchers Overseas Scholarship Scheme (200 scholarships per year) ● ●PhD Scholarships in Natural and Basic Sciences, China (50 scholarships) ● ●PhD Scholarships in Engineering Sciences, China (40 scholarships) ● ●PhD Scholarships for Engineering, Sciences and Technology, Austria (40 scholarships) ● ●PhD Scholarships in Natural and Basic Sciences, France (40 scholarships)

30 Human Resource Development ……2 ● ●PhD Scholarships in Engineering and S&T, Germany (40 scholarships) ● ●MS / MPhil leading to PhD in Engineering, Natural and Basic Sciences, Humanities, Social Sciences for Teachers of Weaker Universities (100 scholarships) Availing Services of Expatriate Pakistani Scientists and Engineers and Foreign Academicians Availing Services of Expatriate Pakistani Scientists and Engineers and Foreign Academicians Curriculum Development at Graduate and Post-graduate Leve Curriculum Development at Graduate and Post-graduate Leve Strengthening of Polytechnics (Introduction of New Technologies / Trades in 6 Selected Institutions) Strengthening of Polytechnics (Introduction of New Technologies / Trades in 6 Selected Institutions) Training of Laboratory Technicians Training of Laboratory Technicians Participation of Scientists and Technologists in International Conferences, Seminars etc. Participation of Scientists and Technologists in International Conferences, Seminars etc. Special S&T Allowance Special S&T Allowance Research Productivity Allowance Research Productivity Allowance

31 Up-Gradation of R&D Infrastructure and Launching of R&D Programmes Peer Review of R&D Organizations Peer Review of R&D Organizations Restructuring of R&D Organizations Restructuring of R&D Organizations Increase in the Recurring Budget of R&D organizations Increase in the Recurring Budget of R&D organizations Repair and Maintenance of Laboratory Equipment Repair and Maintenance of Laboratory Equipment National Science Libraries National Science Libraries Establishment of Endowment Funds for Engineering Universities Establishment of Endowment Funds for Engineering Universities Support for Scientific Societies Support for Scientific Societies R&D Programmes in Priority Areas R&D Programmes in Priority Areas

32 Technology Development and Industrialization Pakistan Technology Board Pakistan Technology Board Technology Development Fund Technology Development Fund Venture Capital Fund Venture Capital Fund Technology Cluster Centres Technology Cluster Centres Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority Establishment of Pakistan National Accreditation Council Establishment of Pakistan National Accreditation Council Crash Awareness Raising and Training Programme in Quality Management Crash Awareness Raising and Training Programme in Quality Management Industrial Analytical Centres Industrial Analytical Centres Science and Technology for Economic Development Science and Technology for Economic Development

33 Strengthening of Policy, Coordination and Management Structure Strengthening of MoST and PCST Strengthening of MoST and PCST Improving Provincial Coordination Improving Provincial Coordination Enhancing International Cooperation Enhancing International Cooperation

34 Information Technology Human Resource Development Human Resource Development Enabling Measures Enabling Measures E-Government E-Government Industry Support Industry Support Policy Initiatives to Encourage Foreign Direct Investment Policy Initiatives to Encourage Foreign Direct Investment

35 Human Resource Development Seven new IT universities Seven new IT universities Virtual University has been Virtual University has been Funding public sector degree-awarding institutes to increase the intake of Bachelors and Masters in IT Funding public sector degree-awarding institutes to increase the intake of Bachelors and Masters in IT Faculty of international caliber invited to join local universities Faculty of international caliber invited to join local universities Large number of scholarships for Bachelors and Masters Large number of scholarships for Bachelors and Masters Promotion of IT education at school and college level Promotion of IT education at school and college level Short training in basic IT education, in Medical Transcription, Cisco and Legal Transcription Short training in basic IT education, in Medical Transcription, Cisco and Legal Transcription Projects for training high level IT professionals (PhDs) Projects for training high level IT professionals (PhDs) National Testing Service similar to GRE and SAT National Testing Service similar to GRE and SAT

36 Enabling Measures IT Law: facilitate e-commerce and provides a legal cover to on-line transactions requiring digital signature and authentication IT Law: facilitate e-commerce and provides a legal cover to on-line transactions requiring digital signature and authentication Accreditation of IT Education: supported by an Ordinance Accreditation of IT Education: supported by an Ordinance

37 E-Government The web portal for the Government of Pakistan, web sites of 34 Federal Ministries / Divisions and 3 special purpose websites developed The web portal for the Government of Pakistan, web sites of 34 Federal Ministries / Divisions and 3 special purpose websites developed Office Automation of Government Ministries Office Automation of Government Ministries Automation of Salary withdrawal of Federal Employees from ATMs Automation of Salary withdrawal of Federal Employees from ATMs The automation of the District Governments (2 model districts in each of the 4 provinces and Azad Jammu & Kashmir) The automation of the District Governments (2 model districts in each of the 4 provinces and Azad Jammu & Kashmir) Internal and Mail Tracking system for improving the accountability of action handling and speeding up intra-ministerial communication Internal and Mail Tracking system for improving the accountability of action handling and speeding up intra-ministerial communication

38 Industry Support Quality Standards: subsidize to IT companies in preparing for certifications for ISO 9001 and CMM Quality Standards: subsidize to IT companies in preparing for certifications for ISO 9001 and CMM Assistance to local IT companies in international marketing Assistance to local IT companies in international marketing Assistance in execution of business plans for domestic marketing (remove bottlenecks, and organize local IT events and exhibitions) Assistance in execution of business plans for domestic marketing (remove bottlenecks, and organize local IT events and exhibitions) An information centre for IT industry with an up-to-date library in major cities An information centre for IT industry with an up-to-date library in major cities Industrial Automation programme Industrial Automation programme Measures to increase investment in IT industry (IT infrastructure, education, medical & legal transcription, IT call centres and wireless communications) Measures to increase investment in IT industry (IT infrastructure, education, medical & legal transcription, IT call centres and wireless communications)

39 Policy Incentives to Encourage FDI Reduction in bandwidth rates from US$ 43,500 per month per Mbps to US$ 2,000 per month per Mbps Reduction in bandwidth rates from US$ 43,500 per month per Mbps to US$ 2,000 per month per Mbps 15-year income tax exemption for IT companies 15-year income tax exemption for IT companies Income tax rebate of 50% on income of IT professionals Income tax rebate of 50% on income of IT professionals Software exporting companies are allowed to retain 35% of their earnings in foreign currency accounts Software exporting companies are allowed to retain 35% of their earnings in foreign currency accounts Reduction in royalties charged on Payphone companies from 4% to 1.5% and ISPs from 1.5% to 0.66% Reduction in royalties charged on Payphone companies from 4% to 1.5% and ISPs from 1.5% to 0.66% ISPs intending to start business in the province of Balochistan get a reduction of 50% in their license fee for 5 years ISPs intending to start business in the province of Balochistan get a reduction of 50% in their license fee for 5 years

40 Policy Incentives to Encourage FDI ………2 Zero percent import duty on computers and computer parts Zero percent import duty on computers and computer parts Full repatriation allowed for capital gains, dividends and profits Full repatriation allowed for capital gains, dividends and profits Processing period for license applications in the deregulated sector reduced from 12 months to 7 days only Processing period for license applications in the deregulated sector reduced from 12 months to 7 days only Tax relief for first year 90% of machinery cost (50% on equipment for IT services) Tax relief for first year 90% of machinery cost (50% on equipment for IT services) Seven-year income tax holiday to Venture-Capital Funds Seven-year income tax holiday to Venture-Capital Funds Deregulation of several financially attractive IT and telecom value-added services Deregulation of several financially attractive IT and telecom value-added services

41 Biotechnology Thrust Areas of Biotechnology Policy Human Resource Development Human Resource Development Research and Development Research and Development Marine Biotechnology Marine Biotechnology Industrial Biotechnology Industrial Biotechnology Health Health Agriculture Agriculture Environment Environment Bioinformatics Bioinformatics Public Awareness Public Awareness IPR and Ethical Considerations IPR and Ethical Considerations

Thank You

43 Composition of NCST Chairman Prime Minister of Pakistan Vice Chairman Minister for S&T Member/Secretary Chairman, PCST  Minister for Finance  Minister for Agriculture  Minister for Industries  Minister for Education  Provincial Ministers for S&T (4)  Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission  Secretary, S&TR Division  Secretary, IT&Telecom Division  Secretary, Ministry of Education  President, Pakistan Academy of Sciences  Chairman, Pakistan Engineering Council  Chairman, Higher Education Commission  Chairman, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission  Chairman, Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research  Chairman, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council  President, Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce & Industry  Scientists/Technologists nominated by Prime Minister (3)  Industrialists nominated by Prime Minister (2) Other Members Back