1. S&T Indicators of Pakistan A Country Report 2010 South Asian Regional Workshop on STI Indicators Kathmandu, Nepal (December 6 - 9, 2010) Muhammad Shahid Pakistan Council for Science and Technology Islamabad

2. S&T Status at Independence Meager Human and Financial Resources Poor Infrastructure –Only 4 small Laboratories –Two Universities –One Agricultural College

3. Current S&T Status Independent Ministries for: –Science and Technology –IT and Telecommunications –Higher Education Commission 85 Major R&D Organizations with 224 research institutes / centres / labs etc. 133 Universities / Degree Awarding Institutes including: –17 Engineering and Technology –6 Agriculture –9 Medicine

4. Current S&T Status S&T Manpower –54,689 researchers(Headcount) –334 researchers per million(Headcount), –169 researchers per million (FTE) S&T Expenditure –Total S&T expenditure: US$ 1280.69 million –Total R&D expenditure: US$ 690.92 million –S&T expenditure as percent of GDP: 0.86% –R&D expenditure as percent of GDP: 0.46% Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

5. S&T Policy Formulation Policy formulation at the national level –National Commission for Science and Technology Executive Committee of National Commission for Science and Technology Pakistan Council for Science and Technology –Ministry of Science and Technology Policy formulation at the sectoral level –Ministries of S&T, IT&Telecom, Agriculture, Health Industries, HEC, PAEC

6. National Commission for Science and Technology (NCST) Constituted in 1984 Apex policy body for S&T – Headed by PM 27 members 6 Federal Ministers 4 Provincial Ministers Pakistan Council for Science and Technology – secretariat of NCST

7. Composition of NCST Chairman Prime Minister of Pakistan Vice Chairman Minister for S&T Member/Secretary Chairman, PCST Minister for Finance Minister for Agriculture Minister for Industries Minister for Education Provincial Ministers for S&T (4) Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission Secretary, S&TR Division Secretary, IT&Telecom Division Secretary, Ministry of Education President, Pakistan Academy of Sciences Chairman, Pakistan Engineering Council Chairman, Higher Education Commission Chairman, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission Chairman, Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Chairman, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council President, Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce & Industry Scientists/Technologists nominated by Prime Minister (3) Industrialists nominated by Prime Minister (2) Other Members

8. Executive Committee of National Commission for Science and Technology (ECNCST) Constituted in 1989 To coordinate, oversee and review the S&T policies and R&D programmes To implement policy decisions taken by NCST Headed by the Minister for S&T 29 members PCST is the secretariat

9. Pakistan Council for Science & Technology (PCST) Advise the Government on S&T Policies and Plans Secretariat of National Commission for Science and Technology Carry out Scientometric Studies Prepare State of the Art reports on S&T issues Maintain databank on S&T Statistics and Indicators Evaluation of research – bibliometric methods

10. S&T Governance in Pakistan Prime Minster Minister for S&T National Commission for S&T Ministry of S&T Related Ministries PAEC & HEC Pakistan Council for S&T * Ministries of IT & Telecom., Agriculture, Industries, Health etc. National Assembly Standing Committee on S&T Senate Standing Committee on Education and S&T S&T / R&D Organizations Other Ministers* PM Secretariat

11. Recent Measures Quantum jumps in budgets for S&T & Higher Education? New IT Ministry established Full support at the highest level

12. Recent Measures (2) Increase in S&T budget sustained over last 9 years Up-gradation of research infrastructure HRD (5000 local; >3000 abroad) Program of indigenous industrialization –Semi-industrial scale pilot plants Development projects worth over Rs 27 billion under implementation

13. Reversing Brain Drain New Service Structure for Scientists –Tenure Track appointments in universities –Av. salary of faculty raised to US$ 3000 p.m. 75% tax waiver for researchers and university teachers Research Productivity Allowance 5-fold increase in international publications ….Contd

14. Reversing Brain Drain (2) Foreign Faculty Hiring Programme –More than 500 foreign nationals and expatriate Pakistanis Adjunct Faculty Programme to involve Diaspora

15. S&T System in Pakistan 85 R&D organizations –224 institutes, laboratories and research stations 35 under federal government 50 under provincial governments –26 Punjab –13 Sind –6 NWFP –5 Baluchistan

16. S&T Indicators

17. Growth in Higher Education Institutions Source: Higher Education Commission

18. Higher Education Institutions by Field Source: Higher Education Commission

19. S&T Manpower (Headcount) Description Researchers Technicians Support Staff Total Higher Education Institutions 45267 4625 38505 88397 R&D Organizations 94229119 30282 48823 Total 54689 1374468787 137220 Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

20. S&T Manpower by Occupation (FTE) Sector Occupation ResearchersTechnicians Support Staff Total Higher Education Institutions 181801874581825872 R&D Organizations 942291193028248823 Total27602109933610074695 Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

21. Field ResearchersTechniciansSupport StaffTotal MF MF MF MF Natural Sciences872841681289613367414104835371520614899461319512 Engineering & Technology83941257965128529229442480100258013726144915175 Medical Sciences547130388509213520223378932802973416538404220580 Agricultural Sciences72787428020321569328412759143129022325295424206 Social Sciences557229408512351223734826691551710749365314402 Humanities 3031218052116996376232172383455694724819428 Others 1465425189025736126342774816452939331786213133917 Total 39939147505468913161583137446479739906878711789719323137220 S&T Manpower by Field, Occupation and Gender Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

22. S&T Manpower by Field & Gender 15175 19512 Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

23. Researchers by Field & Sector of Employment

24. R&D Expenditure by Sector Sector of PerformanceExpenditure Government44,351.231 Higher Education*14,791.637 Total59,142.868 Million Rs *proportional to FTE factor Source: PCST Survey (2009-10 )

25. Growth in R&D Expenditure Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

26. Growth in R&D Expenditure as %age of GDP Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

27. Growth in Per Capita S&T Expenditure Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

28. Growth in Per Capita R&D Expenditure Source: PCST Survey (2009-10)

29. Publications from Pakistan in International Journals Source: ISI Web of Science

30. THANK YOU