National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi Vegetarian Diets

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 2 Vegetarian Diets What is a vegetarian diet? A vegetarian diet excludes meat, poultry, and fish.

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 3 How common is it to be a vegetarian in America?  Nearly 5 million American adults  3% of youth ages 8- to 18- years Vegetarian Diets

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 4 Why do people choose to eat vegetarian diets?  Religion  Heritage  Personal philosophy  Health  Economics Vegetarian Diets

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 5 Vegetarian Diets Do all vegetarians eat the same food choices? The answer is, it depends on the specific vegetarian diet. Three main vegetarian diets  Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian  Lacto Vegetarian  Vegan Vegetarian

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 6 Vegetarian Diets Lacto-Ovo Vegetarians eat:  Grains, Vegetables, Fruits, Legumes, Nuts, and Seeds  Milk and Milk Products (lacto)  Eggs (ovo)

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 7 Vegetarian Diets Lacto Vegetarians eat:  Similar to Lacto-ovo diet, except does not include eggs.  Baked items and pastas may need to be prepared differently.

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 8 Vegetarian Diets Vegans eat:  Only plant-based foods  No animal products  Strict vegans avoid honey and products made with animal by- products, such as gelatin.

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 9 What are the health and nutrition benefits of vegetarian diets? Health Benefits include:  Lowers blood cholesterol and blood pressure levels  Reduces the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke  Lowers body mass index (BMI)  Reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes and some cancers Vegetarian Diets

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 10 Vegetarian Diets Nutrition Benefits include:  Higher intakes of some vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytonutrients  Lower intakes of saturated fat and dietary cholesterol

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 11 Are there nutrients of concern for vegetarian diets?  Nutrition Concerns–Protein  Quantity  Can a vegetarian diet provide enough protein?  Lesson Activity–Protein Predictions Vegetarian Diets

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 12  Teen males need 52 grams protein  Adult males need 56 grams Mixed Lacto-Ovo Vegan 74 grams 63 grams 61 grams H M L Vegetarian Diets Lesson Activity–Protein Predictions

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 13 Vegetarian Diets Do vegetarian diets provide quality protein?  Animal proteins are complete  Plant-based proteins are incomplete

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 14 Vegetarian Diets Complementary Proteins–combine to make complete proteins Grains Legumes Vegetables Nuts/Seeds

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 15 Vegetarian Diets Milk (Lacto) Complete protein from an animal source. Cheese Pizza Sauce and Crust Grain and Vegetable Both incomplete protein sources from plant-based foods.

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 16 Physical Activity Booster The Perfect Complement

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 17 Vegetarian Diets Nutrient of Concern–Adequate Calories  Adequate calories are needed to assure protein needs are met.

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 18 Vegetarian Diets Nutrient of Concern–Iron  Plant foods have non-heme iron.  Serve vitamin C rich foods with plant sources of iron.

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 19 Vegetarian Diets Nutrient of Concern–Calcium  Check milk substitutes to assure they are fortified with calcium and other nutrients found in milk.

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 20 Vegetarian Diets Nutrient of Concern–Vitamin B-12  Vitamin B-12 is only found in animal foods. Vegan diets need supplements of B-12.

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 21 Vegetarian Diets Other Nutrients of Concern  Vitamin D  Zinc  Iodine  Omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 22 Vegetarian Diets According to the American Dietetic Association position paper on vegetarian diets, “…appropriately planned vegetarian diets, including total vegetarian or vegan diets, are healthful, nutritionally adequate, and may provide health benefits in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases. Well-planned vegetarian diets are appropriate for individuals in all stages of the life cycle…”

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 23 Vegetarian Diets According to the American Dietetic Association position paper on vegetarian diets, “…appropriately planned vegetarian diets, including total vegetarian or vegan diets, are healthful, nutritionally adequate, and may provide health benefits in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases. Well-planned vegetarian diets are appropriate for individuals in all stages of the life cycle…”

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 24 Vegetarian Diets Dietary Guidelines for Americans Food Groups to Encourage  Whole grains  Vegetables  Fruits  Legumes  Lowfat and fat-free milk/milk products

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 25 Are vegetarian diets a special nutrition need? What tools do school nutrition programs have to meet the preferences of students that want a vegetarian meal? Vegetarian Diets

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 26 Vegetarian Diets Taste Activity

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi 27 Posttest Answers for Lesson False 2. c) Lacto-ovo vegetarian 3. a) Fiber 4. False 5. True Vegetarian Diets

National Food Service Management Institute The University of Mississippi End of Lesson 10