RTV 1335

Radio Broadcasting Traditional / terrestrial Class A FM: 6,000 watts ERP (20-30 miles) Class C-1: 100,000 watts ERP (40-50 miles) LPFM / Non-commercial Analog vs. digital signal degradation (cliff) Major market vs. small markets 276 total markets PPM / quarterly ratings

Constructing a format Live DJ plays CDs, etc. Automation -- all music, commercial, DJ talk, etc. files in computer (voice tracking by…) Live Assist Satellite-delivered format (Cumulus networks)Cumulus networks Variation: Satellite delivered syndicated show Delilah / Lia / Tom Joyner / George Noory Delilah Lia Tom Joyner George Noory Bobby Bones ABC Radio Networks Different: Satellite radio; Internet radio (Later)

Typical formats Country AC / CHR – Pop / Rhythmic Urban Contemporary / R&B / Hip Hop Specialty / foreign language Talk / News / Information / Sports Oldies Alternative / Hard Rock / AOR Classical / Jazz / public / non-commercial

Financial Issues Ownership -- Group Owners Buying / starting a broadcast station Move-ins (next) Commercials -- clutter -- $30 million gross (Arbitron) Nielsen Audio Format changes Target audiences BMI / ASCAP / SESAC (SoundExchange)

Move in example KEMM From , FM for Dallas/Fort Worth was licensed to Commerce, Texas, and held the call letters KEMM. The station operated a country music format. KEMM went silent on September 28, The city of license and tower were moved to Allen, Texas in 2001 and the station was re-launched on April 27, 2001 as KESN with the new all sports format. Fourteen outlying stations were rearranged and relocated to make way for this frequency to move into DFW, all at ABC/Disney's expense.Commerce, Texascountry musicAllen, Texas

Move-ins KLAK WBAP FM ‘rimshot broadcasting’rimshot broadcasting ‘W’ vs. ‘K’ call signs 3 or 4 letter call signs WLS - KUT

Spectrum allocation NTIA Chart

IBOC/DAB DAB -- new band of digital channels IBOC -- add digital information to existing channel space, backwards compatible (vs. RDS) iBiquity -- Hybrid Digital -- AM/FM -- HD RadioHD Radio $75,000 to install / annual license fees Multicasting Receivers cost / listener benefit 8.5 second delay -- remote broadcast difficulty Needs a ‘killer app’ ? ‘broadcast flag’ ? Compare to RDS

Wireless Digital Media DARS / SDARS XM and Sirius New ‘terrestrial’ possibilities? Use of some of DTV spectrum? Allocation of other space? FCC DTV approval Spectrum approval Space already allocated Channel separation

Wired and wireless digital Internet Radio Live Streams / file downloads Wireless Internet / in home ‘extenders’ Podcasting Non music programming Copyright issues Cell phone system? Wi-Fi system? Any public performance of music…

SoundExchange SoundExchange®, nonprofit performance rights organization license, collect and distribute public performance revenues for sound recording copyright owners (SRCOs) and artists for noninteractive digital transmissions on cable, satellite and webcast services Prior to 1995, SRCOs in the United States did not have a performance right. The Digital Performance in Sound Recordings Act of 1995 and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 changed that by granting a performance right in sound recordings.