2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system

What are the functions of the lymphatic system? What is the importance of the lymphatic system as it relates to immunity? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the lymphatic system? What are some disorders of the lymphatic system and how are they treated? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 2

The Lymphatic System What are the functions of the lymphatic system? Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 3

The Lymphatic System 1. Fluid balance Why is this important? What happens during this process? Returns tissue fluid to general circulation. What is the relevance to health? 4 ____ Fluid IN ____ Fluid OUT

The Lymphatic System 2. Lymphocyte production What are lymphocytes? A type of white blood cell What do they do? *Fight infection by forming antibodies at the site of inflammation What is their relevance to health? Release antibodies and protect against cancer 5

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system The Lymphatic System 3. Filtration What does a filter do? How do filters relate to the lymphatic system? Screens out harmful substances 6

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system The Lymphatic System 4. Immunity What is immunity? The body’s ability to resist invaders, pathogens Think about how sneezing relates to immunity. 7

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system The Lymphatic System Natural immunity We are born with natural immunity; inherited and permanent; it consists of unbroken skin, mucus, tears 8

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system The Lymphatic System Natural immunity Discuss the body’s natural immune processes seen in this picture. 9

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system The Lymphatic System Acquired immunity: Passive Borrowed immunity; acquired by injecting antibodies to protect from a specific disease; used when someone has been exposed to a virulent disease (measles, tetanus, hepatits); Borrowed immunity; acquired by injecting antibodies to protect from a specific disease; used when someone has been exposed to a virulent disease (measles, tetanus, hepatits); this immunity lasts only this immunity lasts only 3-5 weeks. 3-5 weeks. 10

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system The Lymphatic System *Natural Acquired immunity: Active Natural Had the disease and recovered from it, therefore has manufactured antibodies (measles, chickenpox, etc.) 11

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 12 The Lymphatic System What is the relevance to health ? Acquired immunity: Active Natural

The Lymphatic System *Artificial Acquired immunity: Active Artificial Receiving a inoculation with a vaccine, antigen or toxoid; a child vaccinated with measles is given a very mild form of the disease and the body will be stimulated to manufacture its own antibodies. 13

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 14 The Lymphatic System Acquired immunity Active Artificial Should immunizations be required? Why or why not? *Students who attend public schools must receive immunizations.

The Lymphatic System REVIEW What are the functions of the lymphatic system? How are these functions relevant to health? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 15

The Lymphatic System *Hypersensitivity   *Abnormal response to a drug or allergen; an allergic person is more sensitive to certain allergens. *Examples of allergens: grass, pollen, bee stings, peanuts, medications, etc.   *Symptoms: runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes, rash 16

The Lymphatic System *Anaphylactic shock  What is it? *Severe, often fatal allergic reaction  *Symptoms: breathing problems, headache, severe facial swelling, hypotension, stomach cramps, vomiting  Treatment: antidote injection of antidote injection of adrenalin or adrenalin or antihistamine; antihistamine; *EPI-PEN *EPI-PEN 17

The Lymphatic System AIDS (1981) How is it diagnosed? (ELISA or Western blot blood test) What do these terms mean?   HIV-human immunodeficency virus   ARC-aids related complex   AIDS-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 18

The Lymphatic System Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Syndrome (AIDS)-a disease that suppresses the body’s natural immune defense system. Transmission: sexual contact, sharing IV drug needles, in utero from infected mother, blood transfusions. Symptoms: flu-like, disappearing in a week or so; as the immune system deteriorates symptoms may include enlarged lymph glands, fatigue, weight loss, fevers and sweats, yeast infections, rashes, flaky skin, short term memory loss, susceptible to OPPORTUNISTIC infections-cancers, yeast infections, pneumonia, etc Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 19

The Lymphatic System Cancer is a malignant tumor that crowds out healthy cells and draws nutrients away from body tissues. Anyone can get cancer; 2 nd leading cause of death. Cancer is included in the lymphatic system because lymphocytes help protect the body from formation of cancer cells Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 20

The Lymphatic System * Hodgkin’s disease-cancer of the lymph nodes *Symptoms: PAINLESS swelling of the lymph nodes Treatment: chemotherapy and radiation Who is most likely to develop Hodgkin’s disease? *More common in males in the age group 21

The Lymphatic System *Infectious mononucleosis (aka: the “kissing disease” or “mono”.); Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and frequently occurs in young adults and children; spread thru oral contact. *Symptoms: enlarged lymph nodes, fever, physical and mental fatigue, increased leukocytes Treatment: bedrest and treat the symptoms. 22

The Lymphatic System *Lupus erythematosus-a chronic inflammatory auto-immune disease. *The most classic symptom of lupus is a “butterfly” skin rash; other symptoms include fatigue, joint pain, in more severe cases the immune system may attack the kidney, brain, lung or blood. Treatment: treat the symptoms, anti- inflammatory meds. 23

The Lymphatic System Lymphadenitis-inflammation of lymph nodes/glands Lymph aden itis What are the symptoms? “Swollen glands” How is it treated? Treat the symptoms, antibiotics if due to an infection 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 24

The Lymphatic System Lymphedema is a blockage in the lymphatic system; usually caused by damage or removal of lymph nodes due to cancer treatment. Treatment: control the symptoms; no cure Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 25 Photo used with written permission by the Mayo Clinic.

The Lymphatic System *Scleroderma-thickening of the skin and the blood vessels Causes: overproduction of collagen *Symptoms : constriction of blood vessels, coldness/blueness of hands and feet (Raynaud’s), reflux, thickened areas especially fingers, hands and face that causes stiffening and difficulty moving, difficulty breathing. Treatment: no known cure; control the symptoms-PT, OT, meds to suppress immune system. 26

The Lymphatic System Tonsillitis-inflammation of the tonsils Symptoms: Enlarged tonsils, difficulty swallowing, severe sore throat, fever, chills. Treatment: treat the symptoms Tonsils are only removed in extreme cases when there are continued infections. 27

2.06 Understand the functions and disorders of the respiratory system 28 The most effective way to prevent the spread of germs!

2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system What are the functions of the lymphatic system? What is the importance of the lymphatic system as it relates to immunity? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the lymphatic system? What are some disorders of the lymphatic system and how are they treated? 2.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the lymphatic system 29